Experimentelle Bewertung der Spannungen und der zugehörigen Implantate bei anterioren Beckenfrakturen vom Typ I

Scientific Conference (2022, October 28)

Biomechanische Untersuchung zu verschiedenen Verfahren der Stabilisierung von Insuffizienzfrakturen des vorderen Beckenringes

Poster (2022, October 26)

Biocomposites with Epoxy Resin Matrix Modified with Ingredients of Natural Origin

in Materials (2022), 15

This study aims to present various forms of cellulose, whose shape depends on the source of origin, and to demonstrate the differences in the influence on the properties of materials produced with its ... [more ▼]

This study aims to present various forms of cellulose, whose shape depends on the source of origin, and to demonstrate the differences in the influence on the properties of materials produced with its participation. For this purpose, composites with various plant additives have been designed and obtained. Some of them have undergone chemical and pyrolytic modifications. The results of the mechanical, physicochemical and microscopic tests showed differences in cellulose structure, even in the case of very similar sources, and its diversified influence on the characteristics of the obtained materials. The research shows the effect of the use of natural additives and their modified versions on the mechanical properties of the composite based on epoxy resin. It turns out that cellulose modifiers are not only fillers that reduce the price of the final product but can also increase some mechanical properties, e.g., compressive strength, which is an additional advantage and a reason for wider use. The potential of natural resources is not yet fully understood. Relatively recently, people have started to be interested in cellulose on a nanometric scale, as it turns out that it can exist in several different forms with interesting properties. [less ▲]

Influence of UV Ageing on Properties of Printed PLA Containing Graphene Nanopowder

in Materials (2022), 15(22), 8135

The present paper analyses the properties of printed polylactic acid (PLA) samples with admixtures of graphene nanopowder (GNP) at wt. 1%, 2% and 4%. The pure polylactide and admixed polylactide printed ... [more ▼]

The present paper analyses the properties of printed polylactic acid (PLA) samples with admixtures of graphene nanopowder (GNP) at wt. 1%, 2% and 4%. The pure polylactide and admixed polylactide printed samples were examined to determine their chemical-physical properties, stiffness, and strength parameters. The tests of tensile, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), difference thermogravimetric (TG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were executed before and after UV (ultraviolet) treatment. The first part of the paper shows the process of manufacturing granulates and filaments mixed with graphene. The second part of the paper concerns the results of the tests made on printed samples. The analysed samples were printed using a Prusa i3 MK3 printer. It transpired that the content of graphene at 1% improved the mechanical parameters of the printed composite by organising its structure. Increasing the amount of graphene caused the values of the measured parameters to drop. This research indicates how important it is to determine the optimal values of nanoadditives in biopolymers. [less ▲]

Analysis of residual stress relaxation of aluminum alloys EN AW 6061/-82 T6 under cyclic loading

in Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures (2021)

Stress relaxation describes the reduction of stress under static or cyclic loading at a constant strain level. Several processes induce intentionally residual stresses, for example, autofrettage of thick ... [more ▼]

Stress relaxation describes the reduction of stress under static or cyclic loading at a constant strain level. Several processes induce intentionally residual stresses, for example, autofrettage of thick-walled pressurized tubes to improve their fatigue life. This well-known process induces residual compressive stresses at the critical inner surface by using a single static but controlled over- loading internal pressure. Relaxation of residual stresses due to cyclic loading in service would endanger the effectiveness of autofrettage and could finally lead to unexpected fatigue failure. In this study, strain-controlled experiments up to 500,000 load cycles and amending nonlinear finite element simulations were done for the aluminum alloys EN AW 6061 T6 and EN AW 6082 T6 to study potential cyclic stress relaxation in four-point bending tests after con- trolled single static plasticization for residual stress generation. This analysis identifies almost stable residual stresses for both materials under different cyclic strain-controlled load levels. [less ▲]

Investigating the influence of personalized musculoskeletal models on the calculated muscles and joints forces

Poster (2021, July)

It was the objective to analyze the influence of personalization of musculoskeletal models (MS) on muscle and contact joint forces for frequent daily movements. For normal gait cycle, we detect ... [more ▼]

It was the objective to analyze the influence of personalization of musculoskeletal models (MS) on muscle and contact joint forces for frequent daily movements. For normal gait cycle, we detect approximately 20% for some muscles attached to the pelvis, as well as for maximum hip-joint contact force. [less ▲]

Numerical Assessment of two Implants for Pubic Ramus Fracture of human Pelvis applying Normal Gait loading

Poster (2020, October)

Fractures of the anterior pelvic ring reduce patients` mobility and independence and increase mortality. Pelvic instability impairs the load transfer to the lower extremity. Restoring stability has ... [more ▼]

Fractures of the anterior pelvic ring reduce patients` mobility and independence and increase mortality. Pelvic instability impairs the load transfer to the lower extremity. Restoring stability has therefore been a crucial point of research. Most of the reported studies refer to loading on one leg stand without consideration of physiological muscle and contact-joint forces of the common vital daily movements. Our present study considers physiological gait loading of all acting muscles and Hip Joint Contact (HJC) forces of the pelvis. Those muscles and HJC forces were calculated by inverse dynamics for normal gait motion data and applied in Finite Element Analyses (FEA). The biomechanical stability provided to the anterior pelvic ring by two reconstructive techniques was investigated numerically: the iliopubic Subcutaneous Plate (SP) and the Supra-Acetabular External Fixator (SAFE). Numerical biomechanical assessment of two reconstructive devices for pubic ramus fracture. All muscles and HJC forces of normal gait were calculated by means of inverse dynamics software for a healthy patient considering a musculoskeletal model previously validated experimentally. The Finite Element (FE) model was developed for a pelvis with and without superior and/or inferior rami fractures. Furthermore, two FE models for SP and SAFE mounted on the rami fractured pelvis were designed considering fixation bearing at the lumbosacral joint. The calculated forces were implemented on the FE models following the anatomical orientation and attachments/insertions of each muscle. During the two moments of the gait with higher stresses: Left Heel Strike (LHS) and Right Toe-Off (RTO), strains and displacements were recorded and investigated at the fracture location in addition to the implant fixation points. Considering only right superior ramus fracture during LHS and RTO, recorded strains and displacements for both implants showed similar results. However, during RTO, the SAFE showed a slight reduction of strains at the posterior location by 6% compared to SP. When including both superior and inferior right ramus fractures, both devices did not show considerable difference in recorded strains. However, there were significant differences in the displacements between fracture extremities. The SP technique reduced these motions for both LHS and RTO by 40% compared to the gold standard SAFE technique. In cases of superior ramus fracture only, displacements for both reconstructive devices were similar due to the remaining stability provided by the intact inferior ramus. Both devices reduced stresses of the sacrum wing in LHS and RTO with slightly better results for SAFE. In case of superior and inferior pubic ramus fractures, the SP technique reduced the frontal opening of the fractured right pubic bone. The SAFE did not provide any improvements compared to the SP technique. [less ▲]

Optimum Autofrettage Pressure of Hydrogen Valve Using Finite Element and Fatigue Analysis

in Engineering (2020), 12(01), 1--24

The presented article shows an estimation method of optimum autofrettage pressure taking into consideration subsequent cyclic loading. An autofrettage process is used in pressure vessel applications for ... [more ▼]

The presented article shows an estimation method of optimum autofrettage pressure taking into consideration subsequent cyclic loading. An autofrettage process is used in pressure vessel applications for strength improvement. The process relies on applying massive pressure that causes internal portions of the part to yield plastically, resulting in internal compressive residual stresses when pressure is released. Later applied working pressure (much lower than autofrettage pressure) creates stress reduced by the residual compressive stress improving the structural performance of the pressure vessels. The optimum autofrettage pressure is a load that maximizes the fatigue life of the structure at the working load. The estimation method of that pressure of a hydrogen valve is the subject of the presented work. Finite element and fatigue analyses were employed to investigate the presented problem. An automated model was developed to analyze the design for various autofrettage pressures. As the results of the procedure, the optimum autofrettage pressure is determined. The research has shown that the developed method can profitably investigate the complex parts giving the autofrettage load that maximizes the fatigue life. The findings suggest that the technique can be applied to a large group of products subjected to the autofrettage process. [less ▲]

Designing an early failure indicator channel for an in-tank hydrogen valve via a fatigue-based approach

in Journal of Computational Design and Engineering (2020)

This study introduced a fatigue-based approach to design and implement an indicator channel into an in-tank hydrogen valve. It was aimed at providing a mean to point out multiple early valve’s damages. To ... [more ▼]

This study introduced a fatigue-based approach to design and implement an indicator channel into an in-tank hydrogen valve. It was aimed at providing a mean to point out multiple early valve’s damages. To achieve the goal, the study was proposed to handle via three main phases. They included (i) the risk point determinations, (ii) the new valve design and the crack nucleation life estimations, as well as (iii) the simplified crack growth analyses. The obtained results firstly highlighted the construction of the test channel (TC), whose branches were located close to the predicted damage’s sites. The damages could be identified either when a crack reaches the TC (then forms a leakage) or indirectly via the crack propagations’ correlation. The results also pointed out that the TC-implemented valve could perform as similarly as the non-TC one in the non-treated condition. More importantly, this new structure was proved to have a capacity of satisfying the required minimal life of 1.5E5 cycles, depending on the combined uses of the specific material and the pre-treatment, among those considered. In addition, the results emphasized the complexity of the TC that could not be formed by the traditional manufacturing process. Hence, direct metal laser sintering was proposed for the associated prototype and the final TC was issued based on the fundamental requirements of the technique. Finally, it was suggested that practical experiments should essentially be carried out to yield more evidence to support the demonstrated results. [less ▲]

Design of continuously variable bicycle transmission

Report (2019)

As the people’s needs develop, so does the technology. Bicycles exist already for a long time, and ever since the appearance of electrically driven ones, the necessity to change their drivetrain and ... [more ▼]

As the people’s needs develop, so does the technology. Bicycles exist already for a long time, and ever since the appearance of electrically driven ones, the necessity to change their drivetrain and transmission started getting more important. What makes the development of bicycles even more impressive is the fact that their efficiency ranks first among travelling animals and machines, if we consider the energy consumed by moving a certain distance as a function of body weight. Different bicycle drivetrains are researched and explained in this report, especially CVT hubs. A continuously variable transmission based on a patent of Hiroyuki Urabe has been designed with the CAD method, and their main parts were analysed using the FEA method. The final construction has a theoretical total ratio of 400% and a mass of about 2.7kg (without lubricant). This transmission is using the principles of frictional traction to transfer torque. In general, this work shows how the designing process proceeded and gives an idea, how this type of gearbox could be constructed. [less ▲]