Un nouvel outil d'évaluation de la créativité dans le milieu publicitaire

in Houssemand, Claude (Ed.) Recherches actuelles en psychologie différentielle (2021, April)

Investigating the student’s learning satisfaction, wellbeing, and mental health in the context of imposed remote teaching during the COVID-19 crisis

in Mein, Georg; Pause, Johannes (Eds.) Self and Society in the Corona Crisis (2021)

As a first response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, Luxembourg, as many other countries, chose a strategy of minimized physical and social contacts. The educational system implemented these measures by ... [more ▼]

As a first response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, Luxembourg, as many other countries, chose a strategy of minimized physical and social contacts. The educational system implemented these measures by introducing quick changes in their teaching modalities. At the onset of the lockdown in spring 2020, the University of Luxembourg, unlike other higher‐education institutions, has managed to rapidly transition to exclusive remote teaching for all offered study programs. There are good reasons to believe that the rapid change in teaching modalities in addition to the manifold challenges surrounding the Coronavirus pandemic have had an impact on the University students’ learning satisfaction, personal wellbeing, and mental health, and possibly even affected their educational outcomes. In this article, we present the results from a survey that we administered during the first weeks of the lockdown situation to assess the magnitude of COVID‐19’s impact on the academic domain. The central aim of the survey is to understand how students have been able to adapt to an abrupt change in teaching and learning modalities, and to which degree the exclusive e‐learning practice has affected their learning satisfaction and subsequent personal wellbeing. Besides investigating the impact of the student’s learning satisfaction on personal wellbeing and mental health, the present study explores the influence of pedagogical aspects, with a present focus on teaching creativity, on learning satisfaction within an e‐learning environment. [less ▲]

Recherches Actuelles en Psychologie Différentielle

Book published by UL (2021)

Par le passé les conduites humaines ont été étudiées selon une approche générale ou une approche différentielle donnant lieu à des courants séparés de la psychologie, les modèles comportementaux laissent ... [more ▼]

Par le passé les conduites humaines ont été étudiées selon une approche générale ou une approche différentielle donnant lieu à des courants séparés de la psychologie, les modèles comportementaux laissent, aujourd’hui, une place de plus en plus importante aux variations inter et intra-individuelles. La psychologie différentielle longtemps restreinte à l’étude de champs particuliers, comme celui des méthodes par exemple, bénéficie de ce nouveau paradigme et participe activement à cette évolution conceptuelle. En parallèle, ses thématiques de recherche se voient modifiées par la prise en compte des intérêts des autres disciplines avec lesquelles elle collabore. Dès lors, elle aborde, comme ses précurseurs l’avaient définie, des champs plus en lien avec les évolutions sociétales actuelles : éducation différenciée, formation tout-au-long de la vie, orientation, sélection des personnes ou ressources humaines. De plus, les avancées techniques et technologiques lui permettent de faire évoluer ses outils d’investigation et de diagnostic, sur lesquels elle s’est, depuis son origine, arcboutée et qui sont actuellement le testing assisté par ordinateur, le testing adaptatif, l’intelligence artificielle ou les interfaces homme-machine. Enfin, par la prise en compte des théories et des méthodes de sciences émergentes (sciences cognitives et neurosciences), elle se dote de nouveaux moyens d’analyse des différences individuelles. Ainsi une certaine mutation de la psychologie différentielle s’observe au travers de différents travaux récents initiés au sein de cette discipline et que le présent ouvrage Recherches actuelles en psychologie différentielle tente de mettre en lumière. En effet, ce recueil, composé des synthèses de certaines communications orales et affichées présentées lors des XXIIIème Journées de Psychologie Différentielle (Luxembourg, 2018) se veut, sans être exhaustif, le reflet de certaines voies nouvelles de ce domaine scientifique et souhaite ainsi donner une image nouvelle et actuelle de la psychologie différentielle, des réalisations et perspectives de recherche de cette discipline. [less ▲]

Educational Robotics and Robot Creativity: An Interdisciplinary Dialogue

in Frontiers in Robotics and AI (2021)

There is a growing literature concerning robotics and creativity. Although some authors claim that robotics in classrooms may be a promising new tool to address the creativity crisis in school, we often ... [more ▼]

There is a growing literature concerning robotics and creativity. Although some authors claim that robotics in classrooms may be a promising new tool to address the creativity crisis in school, we often face a lack of theoretical development of the concept of creativity and the mechanisms involved. In this article, we will first provide an overview of existing research using educational robotics to foster creativity. We show that in this line of work the exact mechanisms promoted by robotics activities are rarely discussed. We use a confluence model of creativity to account for the positive effect of designing and coding robots on students' creative output. We focus on the cognitive components of the process of constructing and programming robots within the context of existing models of creative cognition. We address as well the question of the role of meta-reasoning and emergent strategies in the creative process. Then, in the second part of the article, we discuss how the notion of creativity applies to robots themselves in terms of the creative processes that can be embodied in these artificial agents. Ultimately, we argue that considering how robots and humans deal with novelty and solve open-ended tasks could help us to understand better some aspects of the essence of creativity. [less ▲]

Vers une évolution du rapport au travail et au chômage ? Points de vue de demandeurs d’emploi et discours de salariés

in Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations (2020), 26(3), 197-213

Professional career paths are nowadays marked by multiple transitions. Job loss is one of the most frequent causes of professional transitions. Given this emphasis, recent studies questioned a possible ... [more ▼]

Professional career paths are nowadays marked by multiple transitions. Job loss is one of the most frequent causes of professional transitions. Given this emphasis, recent studies questioned a possible evolution of the “work” norm, the emergence of an “unemployment norm” and its effects on job seekers. This paper proposes to contribute to the discussion on the current evolution of the relation to work and unemployment. At first, the results of a study with 500 unemployed people, who completed a questionnaire on work centrality and on the perception of work, will be presented. Then, a discourse analysis on the meaning and meaningfulness of work of 15 working people will be discussed. The results show the central function of work and the relative normalization of unemployment. [less ▲]

Le processus de médiation et son issue à la croisée des dimensions psychologiques et sociales : pistes de recherche

in Négociations (2020), 34(2), 171-192

Les pratiques de médiation sont promues de façon croissante par les sociétés occidentales, avec un nombre grandissant de centres et de praticiens qui offrent leurs services. La recherche sur les ... [more ▼]

Les pratiques de médiation sont promues de façon croissante par les sociétés occidentales, avec un nombre grandissant de centres et de praticiens qui offrent leurs services. La recherche sur les déterminants, les mécanismes et les résultats de la médiation en est cependant encore à ses débuts en Europe francophone, alors que déjà beaucoup plus avancée dans les pays anglo-saxons. Une analyse de la littérature internationale est ici proposée afin d’inspirer la recherche dans nos pays. Elle permet de faire émerger deux principales priorités de recherche, concernant les ressources et stratégies utilisées par les médiateurs et l’évaluation de la médiation et ses effets à moyen et long termes.Mediation is increasingly promoted by Western societies, with a growing number of centers and practitioners offering their services. Research on the determinants, mechanisms, and results of mediation are nevertheless still in their infancy in French-speaking Europe, though they are more advanced in English-speaking countries. An analysis of the international literature is here proposed in order to guide research in our countries. Two subjects should be research priorities: the resources and strategies used by mediators; and the evaluation of mediation by establishing precise criteria and by studying, through longitudinal research designs, the link between the initial characteristics of mediation and its medium- and long-term effects. [less ▲]

Postface - Innovations et interventions sociales

in Ben Mrad, Fathi; Distler, Frédéric; Méloni, Jean-Paul (Eds.) Innovations et interventions sociales: initiatives, adaptations et créations (2020)

Adaptation and Validation of the Perceived Control in Unemployment Scale

in Frontiers in Psychology (2019)

Perceived control plays an important role in the understanding of people's experiences with unemployment and reemployment. Yet, no scale has been designed specifically to measure people's perceived ... [more ▼]

Perceived control plays an important role in the understanding of people's experiences with unemployment and reemployment. Yet, no scale has been designed specifically to measure people's perceived control in an unemployment situation. In the current study, using two independent samples with 1,009 and 831 unemployed people in France and Luxembourg, respectively, we created and tested a three-dimensional Perceived Control in Unemployment Scale that was based on Levenson's (1973, 1981) theory. An exploratory factor analysis (Study 1) and a confirmatory factor analysis (Study 2) showed that the data were consistent with the theoretically postulated three-factor model. In addition, we established convergent and discriminant validity with several adaptive and non-adaptive dimensions in two independent samples of 141 unemployed people and 384 recently unemployed people in Luxembourg (Studies 3 and 4, respectively). Perceived control did not change over a period of 6 months of unemployment, yet the three types of perceived control measured at the beginning of unemployment predicted employment status 6 months later. Unemployed people with perceptions of internal control or control from powerful others found jobs more quickly, whereas the perception that chance was the controlling factor predicted longer unemployment. [less ▲]

Exploring Different Assessment Techniques of the Test for Creative Thinking – Drawing Production

in Collange, Julie; Loarer, Even; Lubart, Todd (Eds.) 1/118 La psychologie différentielle au 21 ème siècle : nouvelles modélisations et applications (2018)

An Alternative Relationship to Unemployment: Conceptualizing Unemployment Normalization

in Review of General Psychology (2018), 22(3), 355-366

Unemployment is widely described as a situation that engenders stress, malaise, and a loss of identity for those affected by it. Whereas the deleterious effects of unemployment are clear, people may also ... [more ▼]

Unemployment is widely described as a situation that engenders stress, malaise, and a loss of identity for those affected by it. Whereas the deleterious effects of unemployment are clear, people may also develop an alternative relationship to unemployment and hold other perceptions of this transition period. Some studies have indeed pointed toward a shift in the social work norm, whereas others have questioned the negative impact of unemployment on some individuals. Yet to date, few studies have directly focused on the process through which these other, less negative perceptions of unemployment may arise. The present article thus explores one possible experience that we have termed unemployment normalization. We conceptualize unemployment normalization as an emotional regulation process based on cognitive reappraisal. This article suggests some variables that may influence it and presents a roadmap for future research. [less ▲]