![]() Sobon, Elena ![]() ![]() ![]() in Chemie Ingenieur Technik (2020, August 28), 92(9), 1267-1268 Detailed reference viewed: 61 (4 UL)![]() Sobon-Muehlenbrock, Elena ![]() ![]() ![]() in Chemie Ingenieur Technik (2020), (2020), Detailed reference viewed: 127 (3 UL)![]() Greger, Manfred ![]() Speeches/Talks (2019) Der steigende Anteil von erneuerbarer Energie im Mix der Stromerzeugung mit den erheblichen bekannten Fluktuationen bei Wind- und Photovoltaikanlagen führt zu einer steigenden Diskrepanz zwischen der ... [more ▼] Der steigende Anteil von erneuerbarer Energie im Mix der Stromerzeugung mit den erheblichen bekannten Fluktuationen bei Wind- und Photovoltaikanlagen führt zu einer steigenden Diskrepanz zwischen der Stromerzeugung und seiner Nachfrage. Bisher wird die Stromerzeugung aus Biogasanlagen mehr oder weniger konstant gefahren. Allerdings könnte dies in Zukunft mehr zum Ausgleich der Stromerzeugung und Nachfrage genutzt werden wozu jedoch größere Puffervolumina erforderlich sind. Hierzu könnte eine interessante Variante des Zwei-Stufen-Prozesses verwendet werden. Die erste Stufe wird dabei mit höherer Belastung und kurzer Verweilzeit bei relativ niedrigen pH-Werten betrieben und es entstehen im Wesentlichen flüssige Zwischenprodukte (und nur wenig Gas). Der Ablauf der ersten Stufe kann dann in relativ kleinen Flüssigkeitsbehältern zwischengelagert werden und bei Bedarf der zweiten Stufe zugeführt werden, in der die Weiterreaktion zum Biogas stattfindet. Die vorgestellte Variante hat gegenüber der Zwischen-Speicherung von Biogas den Vorteil, dass die erforderlichen Speicher-Volumina deutlich kleiner ausfallen. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 55 (0 UL)![]() Sobon-Muehlenbrock, Elena ![]() ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2018, October 15) Detailed reference viewed: 77 (2 UL)![]() Sobon-Muehlenbrock, Elena ![]() ![]() ![]() in Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Model Kitchen Waste with Variation of Fat Content (2018, October) Synthetic kitchen waste, produced on basis of a real kitchen waste, and two of its variations are studied. Previous study showed that the fermentation of kitchen waste was similar to the degradation of ... [more ▼] Synthetic kitchen waste, produced on basis of a real kitchen waste, and two of its variations are studied. Previous study showed that the fermentation of kitchen waste was similar to the degradation of synthetic kitchen waste, further called model kitchen waste (MKW) with the same amounts of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. In this study the anaerobic degradation of this MKW (named MKW1; 23 % rapeseed oil) was investigated under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions at 2 different loadings. Additional experiments were performed with lower (MKW2; 14.7 %) and higher (MKW3; 27.2 %) rapeseed oil content at the expense of starch. An organic loading of 5 gVS/l leads to a fast and undisturbed degradation under mesophilic conditions. The volatile fatty acids (mainly acetic acid) appeared only during the first 3 days. Finally the amount of biogas been produced is weakly correlated with the oil content. Under thermophilic conditions the biogas production was retarded and the concentrations of the volatile fatty acids were generally higher whereas acetic acid was present for a period of 10 days. The final biogas amount was higher than compared to mesophilc conditions. At a higher loading of 25 gVS/l a strong retardation of biogas production was observed which correlates with very high concentrations of volatile fatty acids over the whole runtime period of 50 days. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 137 (13 UL)![]() Sobon-Muehlenbrock, Elena ![]() ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2018, September 13) Detailed reference viewed: 96 (19 UL)![]() Sobon-Muehlenbrock, Elena ![]() ![]() ![]() in Chemie Ingenieur Technik (2018), 90(9), 1160 In the following article comparison between real kitchen waste and a synthetic kitchen waste is made. In total four experiments are discussed, all of them were conducted in batch mode at two different ... [more ▼] In the following article comparison between real kitchen waste and a synthetic kitchen waste is made. In total four experiments are discussed, all of them were conducted in batch mode at two different loadings: 25 and 5 goDM/l and two different temperatures: mesophilic and thermophilic. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 136 (30 UL)![]() Greger, Manfred ![]() in Greger, Manfred; Benito, Patricia (Eds.) EU Energy Law Vol. III, Renewable Energy in the member states of the EU, Chapter 17 Luxemburg (2018) Description of the main policy instruments and the legislative framework in the field of renewable energies in Luxemburg Detailed reference viewed: 74 (2 UL)![]() Greger, Manfred ![]() ![]() ![]() in Landtechnik (2018), 73(3), 81-94 To measure the degradation of carbohydrates during fermentation the photometrical Anthron method has been adapted. The method has been verified in mesophilic batch tests with the model substrates glucose ... [more ▼] To measure the degradation of carbohydrates during fermentation the photometrical Anthron method has been adapted. The method has been verified in mesophilic batch tests with the model substrates glucose (water-soluble), corn-starch and cellulose (both insoluble in water). First, the content of soluble carbohydrates was measured. For determination of carbo-hydrates in soluble phase, the samples were filtered (syringe PTFE-filter with mesh size 0.45 μm) to separate the solution from all types of particles, particulate carbohydrates included. The soluble phase reacted with the Anthron solution for 8 minutes at 100 °C. Afterwards, the coloration reaction was stopped by a quick (5 min) cooling step in ice water to ensure repeatability of the method considering a larger number of samples to be measured. Afterwards samples had been equilibrated at room temperature for at least 30 minutes. Before measurement, the sample had to be diluted to reduce on the one hand the intensity of the background and on the other hand to obtain the measuring range (l = 625 nm) of soluble carbohydrates of 10 to 100 mg/l. The total carbohydrate content, which consists of the soluble and particulate fraction, was determined by an additional pre-hydrolysis step (50 % sulfuric acid at 100 °C during 8 minutes) before the Anthron reaction was started. To measure insoluble carbohydrates, e.g. starch and cellulose, they had to pass an additional pre-hydrolysis step, which is performed before filtration and the subsequent Anthron reaction. This additional step (in the following called “indirect method”) is necessary to measure the part of insoluble respectively polymeric carbohydrates of a sample. The amount of particulate carbohydrates is further be calculated by the difference between total and soluble carbohydrates. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 286 (11 UL)![]() Sobon-Muehlenbrock, Elena ![]() ![]() ![]() in Revue Technique Luxembourgeoise (2018), 3 Detailed reference viewed: 94 (18 UL)![]() ; Greger, Manfred ![]() in Chemie Ingenieur Technik (2017), 89 Detailed reference viewed: 107 (1 UL)![]() ; Greger, Manfred ![]() ![]() in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2017), 42 The feasibility and performance of applying a two-stage configuration for co-production of hydrogen and methane from maize silage in continuously stirred reactors was investigated under mesophilic ... [more ▼] The feasibility and performance of applying a two-stage configuration for co-production of hydrogen and methane from maize silage in continuously stirred reactors was investigated under mesophilic conditions. The high organic loading used in the first-stage hydrogen producing reactor (e.g. load shock treatment) was effective at ensuring hydrogen-producing conditions, with no methanogenic activity observed for more than 60 days. A hydrogen yield of up to 53.8 NlH2/kg volatile solid (VS) was measured in the first reactor, with a hydrogen content of 33.1%. The methane yield in the second stage reactor was 133.9 NlCH4/kgVS, with a methane content of 65%. Abnormally low concentration of acetic acid and high concentrations of caproic acid were measured in the first reactor in the pH range 5–5.5, which could be explained by the presence of strains such as Clostridium kluyveri. Of the estimated total energy yield in the two-stage system, only 4% was from hydrogen production. The mixture of hydrogen and methane produced in the system (after carbon dioxide removal) is in the range recommended for use as vehicle fuel. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 141 (10 UL)![]() Hansen, Joachim ![]() ![]() in Korrespondenz Abwasser Abfall (2017) Das Betriebsergebnis von Feinrechenanlagen wird durch viele Faktoren bestimmt. Naheliegend ist die Betrachtung der auf der Kläranlage herrschenden Bedingungen im Rechengerinne, wie z.B ... [more ▼] Das Betriebsergebnis von Feinrechenanlagen wird durch viele Faktoren bestimmt. Naheliegend ist die Betrachtung der auf der Kläranlage herrschenden Bedingungen im Rechengerinne, wie z.B. Fließgeschwindigkeit oder Anströmung der Feinrechenanlage. Darüber hinaus beeinflussen aber auch die Gegebenheiten im jeweiligen Einzugsgebiet einer Kläranlage oder vorgeschaltete Verfahrensstufen die betriebliche Leistung einer jeden Feinrechenanlage. Zu diesen Einflussfaktoren zählen bei Kanalnetzen im Mischsystem zum Beispiel die Bauwerke der Regenwasserbehandlung, insbesondere die den Kläranlagen direkt vorgeschalteten Stauräume. Weiterhin von Bedeutung sind Geröllfänge im Zulauf zur Kläranlage oder den Feinrechen vorgeschaltete Grobrechenanlagen. Auf der Basis der Daten von 218 Kläranlagen aus Deutschland, Luxembourg, Österreich, der Schweiz und Italien wird nachfolgend der Einfluss der genannten Bauwerke auf das Betriebsverhalten von Feinrechenanlagen untersucht und dargestellt. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 102 (2 UL)![]() Greger, Manfred ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2016, September 21) The increasing part of renewable energy in the electricity production mix with its known fluctuations of wind and photovoltaic plants is leading to an enlarged discrepancy of production and consumption ... [more ▼] The increasing part of renewable energy in the electricity production mix with its known fluctuations of wind and photovoltaic plants is leading to an enlarged discrepancy of production and consumption. Up to now the electricity production of biogas plants is more or less constant but could be used in future more to balance the energy production by using higher biogas storage capacity. An interesting alternative could be a 2 stage process. The 1st stage is operated at higher loadings and low pH where mainly substrate hydrolysis takes place and relatively small quantities of H2/CO2 gas are produced. The effluent shows high concentrations (total > 10 g FA/l) of mainly butyric and caproic acid which could easily and stable be temporarily stored in liquid-tanks. The transformation of the acidic intermediates from hydrolysis to biogas (and finally electricity) in the 2nd stage is faster compared to the traditional fermentation. The storage capacity for the acidic intermediates is more than 10 times smaller compared to the temporary storage of biogas. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 112 (5 UL)![]() Greger, Manfred ![]() ![]() Scientific Conference (2016, September 21) The use of kitchen and food waste of which a great amount is disposed every year in EU is an interesting path for an energetic utilisation and as an alternative substrate. Compared to other substrates as ... [more ▼] The use of kitchen and food waste of which a great amount is disposed every year in EU is an interesting path for an energetic utilisation and as an alternative substrate. Compared to other substrates as energy crops or manure kitchen waste includes a higher content of proteins and fats which have a higher biogas and methane yield than carbohydrates. To exclude problems related to hygienisation a model kitchen waste (59% VS carbohydrates, 16% VS proteins and 25% VS fats) was used for the fermentation experiments at mesophilic conditions. Semi-continuous experiments in a 6 litres reactor with daily feeding shows a good degradation for loadings of 1 and 2 gVS/l/d but already a little reduced degradation at 4 gVS/l/d. The experiments with model kitchen waste as unique substrate needed the addition of trace elements and buffering agents. Therefor it would be reasonable to use kitchen waste as co-substrate. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 105 (3 UL)![]() ; Hansen, Joachim ![]() ![]() in Korrespondenz Abwasser Abfall (2016) Zur Bestimmung des Stauverlustes von Rechenanlagen werden in der Praxis verschiedene Berechnungsmethoden genutzt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Berechnungen bilden z.B. die Grundlage für die Festlegung der ... [more ▼] Zur Bestimmung des Stauverlustes von Rechenanlagen werden in der Praxis verschiedene Berechnungsmethoden genutzt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Berechnungen bilden z.B. die Grundlage für die Festlegung der Parameter der Steuerung von Feinrechenanlagen, d.h. Wasserspiegel absolut und Wasserspiegeldifferenz. Zugleich sind sie Basis für Festlegungen die Gerinnehydraulik betreffend, beispielsweise bei der Definition der Höhe von Schwellen und Sturzpunkten von Schneckenpumpen. Beobachtungen in der betrieblichen Praxis ergeben jedoch z.T. erhebliche Differenzen zu den Berechnungsergebnissen, selbst für unbelegte Feinrechen. Dies ist Anlass für weitere Untersuchungen, die hier angeregt werden sollen. Nachfolgend werden gängige Methoden zur Berechnung des Stauverlustes von Rechenanlagen vorgestellt und bewertet. Weiterhin werden exemplarisch für einige Kläranlagen die mit diesen Methoden errechneten Werte mit den vor Ort ermittelten Messwerten verglichen. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 251 (6 UL)![]() Hansen, Joachim ![]() ![]() in Wasser und Abfall (2015), 17(3), 39-43 Der hydraulische Verlust von Feinrechenanlagen im Rahmen der Berechnung der Hydraulik von Kläranlagen wird sehr oft über die Berechnungsmethode nach KIRSCHMER ermittelt. Aktuell durchgeführte Vergleiche ... [more ▼] Der hydraulische Verlust von Feinrechenanlagen im Rahmen der Berechnung der Hydraulik von Kläranlagen wird sehr oft über die Berechnungsmethode nach KIRSCHMER ermittelt. Aktuell durchgeführte Vergleiche der Berechnungsergebnisse nach KIRSCHMER mit in realen Feinrechengerinnen erfassten Messwerten ergaben jedoch erhebliche Differenzen. Basierend auf diesem Vergleich wurde die bekannte Formel erweitert und evaluiert. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 262 (16 UL)![]() Benito Martin, Patricia Cristina ![]() ![]() ![]() in Venice 2014 5th International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste Proceedings (2014, December 01) Grass is a popular substrate in agricultural biogas plants in Central and Northern Europe. There is currently limited information about the impact of the organic loading rates (OLR) on methane yields ... [more ▼] Grass is a popular substrate in agricultural biogas plants in Central and Northern Europe. There is currently limited information about the impact of the organic loading rates (OLR) on methane yields, process stability and kinetics for continuous systems digesting grass silage. Anaerobic mono-digestion of grass silage was evaluated in semi-continuously fed laboratory continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) at increasing loading rates between 1.9 and 4.7gVS/l/d. Results show that digestion of grass silage in one-stage CSTR is feasible and do not present any loading-induced inhibition for the tested OLR range. While the volumetric methane production experienced an increase of 61%, the methane yield only decreased by 13% for the highest OLR. On the other hand, the estimated first-order hydrolysis constant decreased by 24% when increasing the loading from 1.9 to 4.7gVS/l/d, which related with an accumulation of the organic material in the reactor. It was also found that the composition of the grass silage affected the digester performance significantly. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 121 (26 UL)![]() Weber, Simon ![]() ![]() in Chemie Ingenieur Technik (2014, August 28), 86(9), 1390 Detailed reference viewed: 225 (21 UL)![]() Benito Martin, Patricia Cristina ![]() ![]() ![]() in Hoffmann, C.; Maniatis, K.; Grassi, A. (Eds.) et al 22nd European Biomass Conference Proceedings - Setting the course for a biobased economy (2014, July) Cellulose is significantly present during the anaerobic digestion of energy crops and agricultural waste for biogas production. Nevertheless, its degradation poses some challenges due to its structure and ... [more ▼] Cellulose is significantly present during the anaerobic digestion of energy crops and agricultural waste for biogas production. Nevertheless, its degradation poses some challenges due to its structure and resulting slow hydrolysis. The purpose of the current research was to analyse the response of a continuous anaerobic system digesting cellulose to increasing loading rates, in terms of the impact on the specific methane yield and biogas composition as well as on the process dynamics. To this end, a continuously stirred tank reactor with a working volume of 10 litres was operated under mesophilic conditions for over 60 days. Cellulose was added in the reactor daily as the sole carbon source at different organic loading rates (1gVS/l/d and 1.5 gVS/l/d). An increase in the OLR up to 1.5gVS/l/d resulted in an important decrease of the degree of solubilisation, thus creating an accumulation of the cellulose in the reactor and fluctuating methane production, below potential values. In particular, the results suggest that an acetate concentration of 1.3g/l in the medium, which was reached after increasing the loading, could have an effect on the enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. This work contributes to the limited knowledge of cellulose solubilisation in continuous systems under anaerobic conditions. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 224 (19 UL) |
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