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See detailInfluence of Nanoparticles on the Coupling Between Optical Dipoles in Epoxy-Silica Nanocomposites During Network Formation
Philipp, Martine UL; Müller, Ulrich UL; Gervais, Pierre-Colin et al

in The Journal of Adhesion (2012), 88(7), 566-588

High-performance refractometry and infrared spectroscopy are combined in order to elucidate the gelation process and the glass transition during the network formation of epoxies and epoxy-based ... [more ▼]

High-performance refractometry and infrared spectroscopy are combined in order to elucidate the gelation process and the glass transition during the network formation of epoxies and epoxy-based nanocomposites. Whereas infrared spectroscopy yields the chemical conversion due to the opening of oxirane rings during the covalent network formation, high-performance refractometry is extremely sensitive to the accompanying changes of the arrangement of the molecular network. In accordance with the Lorentz-Lorenz relationship, the evolution of the refractive index seems to reflect that of the mass density during polymerization of the epoxy-based systems within the limits of a few percent. The slight deviations from the Lorentz-Lorenz relationship, which occur during the gelation of the epoxy-based systems, are attributed to long-ranged dipole-dipole interactions, which respond at optical frequencies. This point of view is supported by the fact that chemically inert silica nanoparticles embedded in the pure epoxy matrix as disturbances for these dipole-dipole interactions are able to diminish or even to suppress totally this excess contribution of the refractive index. [less ▲]

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See detailEffect of mixing sequence on the curing of amine-hardened epoxy/alumina nanocomposites as assessed by optical refractometry
Philipp, Martine UL; Gervais, Pierre-Colin; Sanctuary, Roland UL et al

in eXPRESS Polymer Letters (2008), 2(8), 546-552

High performance refractometry has been proven to be a useful tool to elucidate the isothermal curing process of nanocomposites. As a model system an amine-hardening epoxy filled with non-surface-treated ... [more ▼]

High performance refractometry has been proven to be a useful tool to elucidate the isothermal curing process of nanocomposites. As a model system an amine-hardening epoxy filled with non-surface-treated alumina nanoparticles was selected. The tremendous resolution of this experimental technique is used to study morphological changes within nanocomposites via the refractive index. It is shown that these morphological changes are not simply due to the curing process but also depend on the sequence of mixing the nanoparticles either first into the resin or first into the hardener. Independent of the resin/hardener composition, the type of the mixing sequence discriminates systematically between two distinct refractive index curves produced by the curing process. The difference between the two refractive index curves increases monotonically with curing time, which underlines the importance of the initial molecular environment of the nanoparticles. [less ▲]

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