Reducibility of n-ary semigroups: from quasitriviality towards idempotency

in Beiträge zur Algebra und Geometrie (2022), 63(1), 149-166

Let $X$ be a nonempty set. Denote by $\mathcal{F}^n_k$ the class of associative operations $F\colon X^n\to X$ satisfying the condition $F(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\in\{x_1,\ldots,x_n\}$ whenever at least $k$ of the ... [more ▼]

Let $X$ be a nonempty set. Denote by $\mathcal{F}^n_k$ the class of associative operations $F\colon X^n\to X$ satisfying the condition $F(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\in\{x_1,\ldots,x_n\}$ whenever at least $k$ of the elements $x_1,\ldots,x_n$ are equal to each other. The elements of $\mathcal{F}^n_1$ are said to be quasitrivial and those of $\mathcal{F}^n_n$ are said to be idempotent. We show that $\mathcal{F}^n_1=\cdots =\mathcal{F}^n_{n-2}\subseteq\mathcal{F}^n_{n-1}\subseteq\mathcal{F}^n_n$ and we give conditions on the set $X$ for the last inclusions to be strict. The class $\mathcal{F}^n_1$ was recently characterized by Couceiro and Devillet \cite{CouDev}, who showed that its elements are reducible to binary associative operations. However, some elements of $\mathcal{F}^n_n$ are not reducible. In this paper, we characterize the class $\mathcal{F}^n_{n-1}\setminus\mathcal{F}^n_1$ and show that its elements are reducible. We give a full description of the corresponding reductions and show how each of them is built from a quasitrivial semigroup and an Abelian group whose exponent divides $n-1$. [less ▲]

On idempotent n-ary semigroups

Doctoral thesis (2020)

This thesis, which consists of two parts, focuses on characterizations and descriptions of classes of idempotent n-ary semigroups where n >= 2 is an integer. Part I is devoted to the study of various ... [more ▼]

This thesis, which consists of two parts, focuses on characterizations and descriptions of classes of idempotent n-ary semigroups where n >= 2 is an integer. Part I is devoted to the study of various classes of idempotent semigroups and their link with certain concepts stemming from social choice theory. In Part II, we provide constructive descriptions of various classes of idempotent n-ary semigroups. More precisely, after recalling and studying the concepts of single-peakedness and rectangular semigroups in Chapters 1 and 2, respectively, in Chapter 3 we provide characterizations of the classes of idempotent semigroups and totally ordered idempotent semigroups, in which the latter two concepts play a central role. Then in Chapter 4 we particularize the latter characterizations to the classes of quasitrivial semigroups and totally ordered quasitrivial semigroups. We then generalize these results to the class of quasitrivial n-ary semigroups in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 is devoted to characterizations of several classes of idempotent n-ary semigroups satisfying quasitriviality on certain subsets of the domain. Finally, Chapter 7 focuses on characterizations of the class of symmetric idempotent n-ary semigroups. Throughout this thesis, we also provide several enumeration results which led to new integer sequences that are now recorded in The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS). For instance, one of these enumeration results led to a new definition of the Catalan numbers. [less ▲]

Classifications of quasitrivial semigroups

in Semigroup Forum (2020), 100(3), 743-764

We investigate classifications of quasitrivial semigroups defined by certain equivalence relations. The subclass of quasitrivial semigroups that preserve a given total ordering is also investigated. In ... [more ▼]

We investigate classifications of quasitrivial semigroups defined by certain equivalence relations. The subclass of quasitrivial semigroups that preserve a given total ordering is also investigated. In the special case of finite semigroups, we address and solve several related enumeration problems. [less ▲]

Classifications of quasitrivial semigroups

in Semigroup Forum (2020), 100(3), 743-764

We investigate classifications of quasitrivial semigroups defined by certain equivalence relations. The subclass of quasitrivial semigroups that preserve a given total ordering is also investigated. In ... [more ▼]

We investigate classifications of quasitrivial semigroups defined by certain equivalence relations. The subclass of quasitrivial semigroups that preserve a given total ordering is also investigated. In the special case of finite semigroups, we address and solve several related enumeration problems. [less ▲]

On the structure of symmetric $n$-ary bands

E-print/Working paper (2020)

We study the class of symmetric $n$-ary bands. These are $n$-ary semigroups $(X,F)$ such that $F$ is invariant under the action of permutations and idempotent, i.e., satisfies $F(x,\ldots,x)=x$ for all $x ... [more ▼]

We study the class of symmetric $n$-ary bands. These are $n$-ary semigroups $(X,F)$ such that $F$ is invariant under the action of permutations and idempotent, i.e., satisfies $F(x,\ldots,x)=x$ for all $x\in X$. We first provide a structure theorem for these symmetric $n$-ary bands that extends the classical (strong) semilattice decomposition of certain classes of bands. We introduce the concept of strong $n$-ary semilattice of $n$-ary semigroups and we show that the symmetric $n$-ary bands are exactly the strong $n$-ary semilattices of $n$-ary extensions of Abelian groups whose exponents divide $n-1$. Finally, we use the structure theorem to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a symmetric $n$-ary band to be reducible to a semigroup. [less ▲]

On idempotent n-ary uninorms

in Torra, Vicenç; Narukawa, Yasuo; Pasi, Gabriella (Eds.) et al Modeling Decisions for Artifical Intelligence (2019, July 24)

In this paper we describe the class of idempotent n-ary uninorms on a given chain.When the chain is finite, we axiomatize the latter class by means of the following conditions: associativity ... [more ▼]

In this paper we describe the class of idempotent n-ary uninorms on a given chain.When the chain is finite, we axiomatize the latter class by means of the following conditions: associativity, quasitriviality, symmetry, and nondecreasing monotonicity. Also, we show that associativity can be replaced with bisymmetry in this new axiomatization. [less ▲]

Characterizations and enumerations of classes of quasitrivial n-ary semigroups

Scientific Conference (2019, June 23)

Bisymmetric and quasitrivial operations: characterizations and enumerations

in Aequationes Mathematicae (2019), 93(3), 501-526

We investigate the class of bisymmetric and quasitrivial binary operations on a given set and provide various characterizations of this class as well as the subclass of bisymmetric, quasitrivial, and ... [more ▼]

We investigate the class of bisymmetric and quasitrivial binary operations on a given set and provide various characterizations of this class as well as the subclass of bisymmetric, quasitrivial, and order-preserving binary operations. We also determine explicitly the sizes of these classes when the set is finite. [less ▲]

Characterizations of biselective operations

in Acta Mathematica Hungarica (2019), 157(2), 387-407

Let X be a nonempty set and let i,j in {1,2,3,4}. We say that a binary operation F:X^2 -> X is (i,j)-selective if F(F(x_1,x_2),F(x_3,x_4)) = F(x_i,x_j), for all x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4 in X. In this paper we ... [more ▼]

Let X be a nonempty set and let i,j in {1,2,3,4}. We say that a binary operation F:X^2 -> X is (i,j)-selective if F(F(x_1,x_2),F(x_3,x_4)) = F(x_i,x_j), for all x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4 in X. In this paper we provide characterizations of the class of (i,j)-selective operations. We also investigate some subclasses by adding algebraic properties such as associativity or bisymmetry. [less ▲]

Characterizations and classifications of quasitrivial semigroups

Scientific Conference (2019, March 03)