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See detailDefense semantics of argumentation: encoding reasons for accepting arguments
Liao, Beishui UL; van der Torre, Leon UL

E-print/Working paper (2017)

In this paper we show how the defense relation among abstract arguments can be used to encode the reasons for accepting arguments. After introducing a novel notion of defenses and defense graphs, we ... [more ▼]

In this paper we show how the defense relation among abstract arguments can be used to encode the reasons for accepting arguments. After introducing a novel notion of defenses and defense graphs, we propose a defense semantics together with a new notion of defense equivalence of argument graphs, and compare defense equivalence with standard equivalence and strong equivalence, respectively. Then, based on defense semantics, we define two kinds of reasons for accepting arguments, i.e., direct reasons and root reasons, and a notion of root equivalence of argument graphs. Finally, we show how the notion of root equivalence can be used in argumentation summarization. [less ▲]

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See detailProCRob Architecture for Personalized Social Robotics
Ziafati, Pouyan; Rodriguez Lera, Francisco Javier UL; Pinto Costa, Andreia UL et al

Scientific Conference (2017)

For robot tutors, autonomy and personalizations are important factors in order to engage users as well as to personalize the content and interaction according to the needs of individuals. This paper ... [more ▼]

For robot tutors, autonomy and personalizations are important factors in order to engage users as well as to personalize the content and interaction according to the needs of individuals. This paper presents the Programming Cognitive Robot (ProCRob) software architecture to target personalized social robotics in two complementary ways. ProCRob supports the development and personalization of social robot applications by teachers and therapists without computer programming background. It also supports the development of autonomous robots which can adapt according to the human-robot interaction context. ProCRob is based on our previous research on autonomous robotics and has been developed since 2015 by a multi-disciplinary team of researchers from the fields of AI, Robotics and Psychology as well as artists and designers at the University of Luxembourg. ProCRob is currently being used and further developed for therapy of children with autism, and for encouraging rehabilitation activities in patients with post-stroke. This is paper presents a summary of ProCRob and its application in autism. [less ▲]

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See detailPrioritized Norms in Formal Argumentation
Liao, Beishui UL; Oren, Nir; van der Torre, Leon UL et al

in Journal of Logic and Computation (2017), abs/1709.08034

To resolve conflicts among norms,various nonmonotonic formalisms can be used to perform prioritized normative reasoning. Meanwhile, formal argumentation provides a way to represent nonmonotonic logics. In ... [more ▼]

To resolve conflicts among norms,various nonmonotonic formalisms can be used to perform prioritized normative reasoning. Meanwhile, formal argumentation provides a way to represent nonmonotonic logics. In this paper, we propose a representation of prioritized normative reasoning by argumentation. Using hierarchical abstract normative systems, we define three kinds of prioritized normative reasoning approaches, called Greedy, Reduction, and Optimization. Then, after formulating an argumentation theory for a hierarchical abstract normative system, we show that for a totally ordered hierarchical abstract normative system, Greedy and Reduction can be represented in argumentation by applying the weakest link and the last link principles respectively, and Optimization can be represented by introducing additional defeats capturing implicit conflicts between arguments. [less ▲]

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See detailAGM Contraction and Revision of Rules
Boella, Guido; Pigozzi, Gabriella UL; van der Torre, Leon UL

in Journal of Logic, Language and Information (2016), 25(3), 273-297

In this paper we study AGM contraction and revision of rules using input/output logical theories. We replace propositional formulas in the AGM framework of theory change by pairs of propositional formulas ... [more ▼]

In this paper we study AGM contraction and revision of rules using input/output logical theories. We replace propositional formulas in the AGM framework of theory change by pairs of propositional formulas, representing the rule based character of theories, and we replace the classical consequence operator Cn by an input/output logic. The results in this paper suggest that, in general, results from belief base dynamics can be transferred to rule base dynamics, but that a similar transfer of AGM theory change to rule change is much more problematic. First, we generalise belief base contraction to rule base contraction, and show that two representation results of Hansson still hold for rule base contraction. Second, we show that the six so-called basic postulates of AGM contraction are consistent only for some input/output logics, but not for others. In particular, we show that the notorious recovery postulate can be satisfied only by basic output, but not by simple-minded output. Third, we show how AGM rule revision can be defined in terms of AGM rule contraction using the Levi identity. We highlight various topics for further research. [less ▲]

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See detailModeling relevant legal information for consumer disputes
Santos, Cristiana; Rodriguez Doncel, Victor; Casanovas, Pompeu et al

in EGOVIS 2016: Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective (2016, September)

Accessing relevant legal information found in text excerpts from heterogeneous sources is essential to the decision making process in consumer disputes. The Ontology of Relevant Legal Information in ... [more ▼]

Accessing relevant legal information found in text excerpts from heterogeneous sources is essential to the decision making process in consumer disputes. The Ontology of Relevant Legal Information in Consumer Disputes (ric) is the domain-independent ontology modeling this relevant legal information comprising rights, their requisites, exceptions, constraints, enforcement procedures, legal sources. Its use is exemplified with one extension thereof, the Air Transport Passenger Incidents Ontology (ric-atpi), representing both the possible incidents triggered by a complaint in the air transport passenger domain and the related legal information that might be applicable. The Ontology models the key provisions found in hard law, and those in soft law, comprising heterogeneous sources in a structured manner. An ontology-based system provides the knowledge embedded in the legal sources and their relation to the specific scenario. [less ▲]

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See detailPrioritized Norms and Defaults in Formal Argumentation
Liao, Beishui; Oren, Nir; van der Torre, Leon UL et al

in Deontic Logic and Normative Systems (2016) (2016)

Deontic logic sentences define what an agent ought to do when faced with a set of norms. These norms may come into conflict such that a priority ordering over them is necessary to resolve these conflicts ... [more ▼]

Deontic logic sentences define what an agent ought to do when faced with a set of norms. These norms may come into conflict such that a priority ordering over them is necessary to resolve these conflicts. Dung's seminal paper raised the - so far open - challenge of how to use formal argumentation to represent non monotonic logics, highlighting argumentation's value in exchanging, communicating and resolving possibly conflicting viewpoints in distributed scenarios. In this paper, we propose a formal framework to study various properties of prioritized non monotonic reasoning in formal argumentation, in line with this idea. More precisely, we show how a version of prioritized default logic and Brewka-Eiter's construction in answer set programming can be obtained in argumentation via the weakest and last link principles. We also show how to represent Hansen's recent construction for prioritized normative reasoning by adding arguments using weak contraposition via permissive norms, and their relationship to Caminada's "hang yourself" arguments. [less ▲]

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See detailA Representation Theorem for Abstract Cumulative Aggregation
Ambrossio, Diego Agustin UL; Parent, Xavier UL; van der Torre, Leon UL

Report (2016)

From any two conditional obligations “X if A” and “Y if B”, cumulative aggregation derives the combined obligation “X ∪ Y if A ∪ (B \ X)”, whereas simple aggregation derives the obligation “X ∪ Y if A ∪ ... [more ▼]

From any two conditional obligations “X if A” and “Y if B”, cumulative aggregation derives the combined obligation “X ∪ Y if A ∪ (B \ X)”, whereas simple aggregation derives the obligation “X ∪ Y if A ∪ B”. We propose FC systems consisting of cumulative aggregation together with factual detachment, and we give a representation result for FC systems, as well as for FA systems consisting of simple aggregation together with factual detachment. We relate FC and FA systems to each other and to input/output logics recently introduced by Parent and van der Torre. [less ▲]

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See detailCumulative Aggregation
Ambrossio, Diego Agustin UL; Parent, Xavier UL; van der Torre, Leon UL

in Deontic Logic and Normative Systems (2016)

From any two conditional obligations “X if A” and “Y if B”, cumulative aggregation derives the combined obligation “X ∪ Y if A ∪ (B\X)”, whereas simple aggregation derives the obligation “X ∪ Y if A ∪ B” ... [more ▼]

From any two conditional obligations “X if A” and “Y if B”, cumulative aggregation derives the combined obligation “X ∪ Y if A ∪ (B\X)”, whereas simple aggregation derives the obligation “X ∪ Y if A ∪ B”. We propose FC systems consisting of cumulative aggregation together with factual detachment, and we give a representation result for FC systems, as well as for FA systems consisting of simple aggregation together with factual detachment. We relate FC and FA systems to each other and to input/output logics recently introduced by Parent and van der Torre. [less ▲]

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See detailEunomos, a legal document and knowledge management system for the Web to provide relevant, reliable and up-to-date information on the Law
Boella, Guido; Di Caro, Luigi; Humphreys, Llio UL et al

in Artificial Intelligence and Law (2016)

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See detailNorms and Arguments
van der Torre, Leon UL

in Proceedings of the 1st Chinese Conference on Logic and Argumentation (CLAR 2016), Hangzhou, China, April 2-3, 2016. (2016)

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See detailComplaint Ontology Pattern - COP
Santos, Cristiana; Pruski, Cédric; da Silveira, Marcos et al

in Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns, Kobe 18 October 2016 (2016)

In this paper we present an ontology design pattern to conceptualize complaints - an important domain still uncovered by ODPs. The proposed Complaint Ontology Pattern (COP) has been designed based on the ... [more ▼]

In this paper we present an ontology design pattern to conceptualize complaints - an important domain still uncovered by ODPs. The proposed Complaint Ontology Pattern (COP) has been designed based on the analysis of free text complaints from available complaint datasets (banking, air transport, automobile) among other knowledge sources. We present a detailed use case from consumer disputes. We evaluate the pattern by annotating the complaints from our use case and by discussing how COP aligns to existing ontologies. [less ▲]

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See detailPresent and Future of Formal Argumentation
van der Torre, Leon UL; Giacomin, Massimiliano; Liao, Beishui et al

in Dagstuhl Reports (2016)

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 15362 “Present and Future of Formal Argumentation”. The goal of this Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop was to gather the ... [more ▼]

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 15362 “Present and Future of Formal Argumentation”. The goal of this Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop was to gather the world leading experts in formal argumentation in order to develop a SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis of the current state of the research in this field and to draw accordingly some strategic lines to ensure its successful development in the future. A critical survey of the field has been carried out through individual presentations and collective discussions. Moreover, working group activity lead to identify several open problems in argumentation. [less ▲]

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See detailRetalis Language for Information Engineering in Autonomous Robot Software
Ziafati, Pouyan UL; dastani, mehdi; meyer, john-jules et al

in IfCoLog Journal of Logics and their Applications (2015), 2(2), 85

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See detailConsistency Conditions for Beliefs and Intentions
Van Zee, Marc UL; Doder, Dragan UL; Dastani, Mehdi et al

Scientific Conference (2015)

Icard et al. introduce a semantics for actions over time, provide an axiomatization for this logic, and use this logic to define coherence conditions for a belief- intention database. First, we show ... [more ▼]

Icard et al. introduce a semantics for actions over time, provide an axiomatization for this logic, and use this logic to define coherence conditions for a belief- intention database. First, we show incompleteness of their axiomatization and we adapt their semantics and provide a complete axiomatization for it. Second, we show that Icard et al.’s definition of coherence is too weak, and we define a stronger notion of coherence us- ing our new logic [less ▲]

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See detailAlgorithms for tractable compliance problems
Colombo Tosatto, Silvano UL; Kelsen, Pierre UL; Ma, Qin UL et al

in Frontiers of Computer Science (2015), 9(1), 55-74

In general the problem of verifying whether a structured business process is compliant with a given set of regulations is NP-hard. The present paper focuses on identifying a tractable subset of this ... [more ▼]

In general the problem of verifying whether a structured business process is compliant with a given set of regulations is NP-hard. The present paper focuses on identifying a tractable subset of this problem, namely verifying whether a structured business process is compliant with a single global obligation. Global obligations are those whose validity spans for the entire execution of a business process. We identify two types of obligations: achievement and maintenance. In the present paper we firstly define an abstract framework capable to model the problem and secondly we define procedures and algorithms to deal with the compliance problem of checking the compliance of a structured business process with respect to a single global obligation. We show that the algorithms proposed in the paper run in polynomial time. [less ▲]

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See detailMapping Recitals to Normative Provisions in EU Legislation to Assist Legal Interpretation
Humphreys, Llio UL; Santos, Cristiana; Di Caro, Luigi et al

in Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (2015)

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See detailAGM Revision of Beliefs about Action and Time
Van Zee, Marc UL; Doder, Dragan UL; Dastani, Mehdi et al

in Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2015)

The AGM theory of belief revision is based on propositional belief sets. In this paper we develop a logic for revision of temporal belief bases, contain- ing expressions about temporal propositions (to ... [more ▼]

The AGM theory of belief revision is based on propositional belief sets. In this paper we develop a logic for revision of temporal belief bases, contain- ing expressions about temporal propositions (to- morrow it will rain), possibility (it may rain tomor- row), actions (the robot enters the room) and pre- and post-conditions of these actions. We prove the Katsuno-Mendelzon and the Darwiche-Pearl repre- sentation theorems by restricting the logic to for- mulas representing beliefs up to certain time. We illustrate our belief change model through several examples [less ▲]

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See detailClassifying and Extracting Elements of Norms for Ontology Population using Semantic Role Labelling
Humphreys, Llio UL; Boella, Guido; Robaldo, Livio UL et al

in The 15th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence & Law — San Diego, June 8-12, 2015 (2015)

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See detailReasoning on Robot Knowledge from Discrete and Asynchronous Observations
Ziafati, Pouyan UL; Elrakaiby, Yehia UL; van der Torre, Leon UL et al

in AAAI Spring Symposium 2014: Knowledge Representation and Reasoning in Robotics, Stanford, USA, 2015 (2014, March)

Robot knowledge of the world is created from discrete and asynchronous events received from its perception components. Proper representation and maintenance of robot knowledge is crucial to enable the use ... [more ▼]

Robot knowledge of the world is created from discrete and asynchronous events received from its perception components. Proper representation and maintenance of robot knowledge is crucial to enable the use of robot knowledge for planning, user-interaction, etc. This paper identifies some of the main issues related to the representation, maintenance and querying of robot knowledge based on discrete asynchronous events such as event-history management and synchronization, and introduces a language for simplifying developers’ job at making a suitable representation of robot knowledge. [less ▲]

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See detailA Critical Analysis of Legal Requirements Engineering from the Perspective of Legal Practice
Boella, Guido; Humphreys, Llio UL; Muthuri, Robert UL et al

in Seventh IEEE Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law (2014)

This paper reviews existing approaches to representing legal knowledge for legal requirements engineering. Legal requirement methodologies are rarely developed together with legal practitioners, with the ... [more ▼]

This paper reviews existing approaches to representing legal knowledge for legal requirements engineering. Legal requirement methodologies are rarely developed together with legal practitioners, with the result that often approaches are based on a simplified view of law which prevents their acceptance by legal practitioners. In this paper, we analyse how legal practitioners build legal knowledge and possibilities for existing approaches in RELaw to mirror legal practice. [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 173 (4 UL)