RF Precoding for Cognitive Radio Systems

in IEEE Wireless Communications Letters (2022), 11(9), 1845-1849

In this letter, a precoding framework in the radio-frequency (RF) domain is developed for the downlink of a multiuser multiple-input single-output underlay cognitive radio (CR) system. Firstly, a low ... [more ▼]

In this letter, a precoding framework in the radio-frequency (RF) domain is developed for the downlink of a multiuser multiple-input single-output underlay cognitive radio (CR) system. Firstly, a low hardware complexity analog multiantenna architecture is proposed for the system’s transmitter. The proposed analog architecture is based on a phase-shifting network driven by an variable gain amplifier and has low power consumption since it avoids the use of energy hungry components such as digital-to-analog converters (DACs). Secondly, a novel RF precoder for the design of the transmit signals is developed such that the performance of the CR system is optimized and the constraints related to both the system’s architecture and the employed underlay CR paradigm are satisfied. The corresponding nonconvex and difficult optimization problem is formulated and solved via a novel algorithmic solution based on the saddle point method. The convergence of the proposed algorithmic solution is theoretically studied. The proposed approach is shown to be much more energy efficient than existing approaches based on fully digital transceivers. [less ▲]

Joint Communications and Sensing for Hybrid Massive MIMO LEO Satellite Systems With Beam Squint

in 2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops) (2022)

To improve the efficient utilization of spectral and hardware resources, joint communications and sensing (JCS) has drawn extensive attention. Most existing JCS works focus on terrestrial networks and can ... [more ▼]

To improve the efficient utilization of spectral and hardware resources, joint communications and sensing (JCS) has drawn extensive attention. Most existing JCS works focus on terrestrial networks and can not be straightforwardly applied in satellite systems due to the significantly different electromagnetic wave propagation properties. In this work, we investigate the application of JCS in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems. We first charac-terize the statistical wave propagation properties by considering beam squint effects. Based on this analysis, we propose a beam squint-aware JCS technique for hybrid analog/digital massive MIMO LEO satellite systems exploiting statistical channel s-tate information. Simulation results demonstrate that both the wireless communications and target sensing can be operated simultaneously with satisfactory performance, and the beam squint effects can be efficiently mitigated with the proposed method in typical LEO satellite systems. [less ▲]

Dual-Function Radar-Communication Systems with Constant-Modulus and Similarity Constraints

in IEEE 12th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM) (2022)

In this paper, the problem of joint transmit waveform and receive filter design for dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) systems is studied. A multiple antenna base station (BS) serving multiple ... [more ▼]

In this paper, the problem of joint transmit waveform and receive filter design for dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) systems is studied. A multiple antenna base station (BS) serving multiple single antenna users on the downlink is assumed. Furthermore, the BS simultaneously accommodates sensing capabilities in the form of point-like target detection from the reflected return signals in a signal-dependent interference environment. The core objective of the present paper is to design the optimal waveform and radar receive filter such that the derived waveform satisfies constant-modulus and similarity to known waveform constraints that are of particular importance to the radar's part operation. The proposed designs are derived through the solution to difficult non-convex optimization problems. To that end, novel algorithmic solutions with guaranteed convergence are developed for the solution of the aforementioned problems. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions is verified via simulations. [less ▲]

Hybrid A/D Precoding for Downlink Massive MIMO in LEO Satellite Communications

in 2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops) (2021, July 09)

In this paper, we develop hybrid analog/digital precoding based on the fully-connected architecture for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications (SATCOM ... [more ▼]

In this paper, we develop hybrid analog/digital precoding based on the fully-connected architecture for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications (SATCOM), by exploiting the statistical channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. The hybrid precoder design is formulated as an energy efficiency (EE) maximization problem by considering both continuous and discrete phase shift networks for implementing the analog precoder. The resulting optimization problem is nonconvex and difficult to solve. To that end, first, we apply a closed-form tight upper bound to approximate the ergodic rate. Then, we adopt Dinkelbach's algorithm and the iteratively weighted minimum mean-square error (WMMSE) method to obtain the fully digital precoders. After that, the alternating minimization and inexact majorization-minimization (MM) algorithms are utilized to compute the hybrid precoders. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithmic solutions achieve significant performance gains when compared to existing literature ones, especially in the case where the discrete phase shift network is employed for analog precoding. [less ▲]

Joint Symbol Level Precoding and Combining for MIMO-OFDM Transceiver Architectures Based on One-Bit DACs and ADCs

in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (2021), 20(7), 4601-4613

Herein, a precoding scheme is developed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems that use one-bit digital-to-analog converters ... [more ▼]

Herein, a precoding scheme is developed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems that use one-bit digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at the transmitter and receiver, respectively, as a means to reduce the power consumption. Two different one-bit architectures are presented. In the first, a single user MIMO system is considered where the DACs and ADCs of the transmitter and the receiver are assumed to be one-bit and in the second, a network of analog phase shifters is added at the receiver as an additional analog-only processing step with the view to mitigate some of the effects of coarse quantization. The precoding design problem is formulated and then split into two NP-hard optimization problems, which are solved by an algorithmic solution based on the Cyclic Coordinate Descent (CCD) framework. The design of the analog post-coding matrix for the second architecture is decoupled from the precoding design and is solved by an algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Numerical results show that the proposed precoding scheme successfully mitigates the effects of coarse quantization and the proposed systems achieve a performance close to that of systems equipped with full resolution DACs/ADCs. [less ▲]

Learning-Assisted Eavesdropping and Symbol-Level Precoding Countermeasures for Downlink MU-MISO Systems

in IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society (2020), 1

In this work, we introduce a machine-learning (ML) based detection attack, where an eavesdropper (Eve) is able to learn the symbol detection function based on precoded pilots. With this ability, an Eve ... [more ▼]

In this work, we introduce a machine-learning (ML) based detection attack, where an eavesdropper (Eve) is able to learn the symbol detection function based on precoded pilots. With this ability, an Eve can correctly detect symbols with a high probability. To counteract this attack, we propose a novel symbol-level precoding (SLP) scheme that enhances physical-layer security (PLS) while guaranteeing a constructive interference effect at the intended users. Contrary to conventional SLP schemes, the proposed scheme is robust to the ML-based attack. In particular, the proposed scheme enhances security by designing Eve's received signal to lie at the boundaries of the detection regions. This distinct design causes Eve's detection decisions to be based almost purely on noise. The proposed countermeasure is then extended to account for multi-antennas at the Eve and also for multi-level modulation schemes. In the numerical results, we validate both the detection attack and the countermeasures and show that this gain in security can be achieved at the expense of only a small additional power consumption at the transmitter, and more importantly, these benefits are obtained without affecting the performance at the intended user. [less ▲]

Hybrid Analog-Digital Transceiver Designs for Multi-User MIMO mmWave Cognitive Radio Systems

in IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking (2020)

Interference Exploitation via Symbol-Level Precoding: Overview, State-of-the-Art and Future Directions

in IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials (2020), 22(2), 796-839

Interference is traditionally viewed as a performance limiting factor in wireless communication systems, which is to be minimized or mitigated. Nevertheless, a recent line of work has shown that by ... [more ▼]

Interference is traditionally viewed as a performance limiting factor in wireless communication systems, which is to be minimized or mitigated. Nevertheless, a recent line of work has shown that by manipulating the interfering signals such that they add up constructively at the receiver side, known interference can be made beneficial and further improve the system performance in a variety of wireless scenarios, achieved by symbol-level precoding (SLP). This paper aims to provide a tutorial on interference exploitation techniques from the perspective of precoding design in a multi-antenna wireless communication system, by beginning with the classification of constructive interference (CI) and destructive interference (DI). The definition for CI is presented and the corresponding mathematical characterization is formulated for popular modulation types, based on which optimization-based precoding techniques are discussed. In addition, the extension of CI precoding to other application scenarios as well as for hardware efficiency is also described. Proof-of-concept testbeds are demonstrated for the potential practical implementation of CI precoding, and finally a list of open problems and practical challenges are presented to inspire and motivate further research directions in this area. [less ▲]

Energy Efficient Bit Allocation and Hybrid Combining for Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems

in GLOBECOM (2019)

Dynamic RF Chain Selection for Energy Efficient and Low Complexity Hybrid Beamforming in Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems

in IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking (2019)

This paper proposes a novel architecture with a framework that dynamically activates the optimal number of radio frequency (RF) chains used to implement hybrid beamforming in a millimeter wave (mmWave ... [more ▼]

This paper proposes a novel architecture with a framework that dynamically activates the optimal number of radio frequency (RF) chains used to implement hybrid beamforming in a millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system. We use fractional programming to solve an energy efficiency maximization problem and exploit the Dinkelbach method (DM)-based framework to optimize the number of active RF chains and data streams. This solution is updated dynamically based on the current channel conditions, where the analog/digital (A/D) hybrid precoder and combiner matrices at the transmitter and the receiver, respectively, are designed using a codebook-based fast approximation solution called gradient pursuit (GP). The GP algorithm shows less run time and complexity while compared to the state-of-the-art orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) solution. The energy and spectral efficiency performance of the proposed framework is compared with the existing state-of-the-art solutions, such as the brute force (BF), the digital beamformer, and the analog beamformer. The codebook-free approaches to design the precoders and combiners, such as alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs) and singular value decomposition (SVD)-based solution are also shown to be incorporated into the proposed framework to achieve better energy efficiency performance. [less ▲]