Interozeption bei Depersonalisations-/Derealisationsstörung: veränderte Repräsentation afferenter Körpersignale auf Ebene des Kortex und des Hirnstamms

in Kubiak, T.; Wessa, M.; Witthöft, M. (Eds.) et al 15. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Verhaltensmedizin und Verhaltensmodifikation - Abstractband (2016)

Die Depersonalisations-/Derealisationsstörung (DPD) ist durch eine subjektiv erlebte Distanz von Emotionen, sowie von Empfindungen des eigenen Körpers charakterisiert. Während viele neurophysiologische ... [more ▼]

Die Depersonalisations-/Derealisationsstörung (DPD) ist durch eine subjektiv erlebte Distanz von Emotionen, sowie von Empfindungen des eigenen Körpers charakterisiert. Während viele neurophysiologische Befunde ein verändertes Emotionserleben stützen, gibt es bislang keine neurophysiologischen Korrelate für eine veränderte Interozeption bei DPD. 27 Patienten mit DPD, sowie 27 gesunde Kontrollprobanden absolvierten zwei Herzschlagwahrnehmungstests: eine Herzschlagzählaufgabe (Schandry) und einen Test, bei dem zwischen Herzschlägen und exterozeptiven Signalen diskriminiert werden musste (Whitehead). Außerdem absolvierten die Probanden zwei psychophysiologische Verfahren, die interozeptive Signalübermittlung reflektieren: (1.) Herzschlag- evozierte Potenziale (HEPs), Indikatoren für die kortikale Verarbeitung afferenter Signale vom kardiovaskulären System und (2.) die kardiale Modulation der Schreckreaktion (CMS), welche als Index für die Verarbeitung kardio-afferenter Signale auf Ebene des Hirnstamms gilt. In den Herzschlagwahrnehmungstests gab es keine Gruppenunterschiede zwischen Patienten mit DPD und gesunden Kontrollprobanden, jedoch eine gegenläufige Tendenz beider Gruppen hinsichtlich der Genauigkeit über den Zeitverlauf (negative Lernkurve bei DPD). Bei der Kontrollgruppe zeigte sich ein intakter CMS-Effekt (geringere Schreckreaktionen während der frühen kardialen Phase), während sich bei den DPD-Patienten überhaupt kein CMS-Effekt beobachten ließ (Interaktion: p=.041). Ebenso wurden Gruppenunterschiede im HEP-Pattern beobachtet: gesunde Kontrollprobanden zeigten höhere HEP-Amplituden während der Aufmerksamkeitslenkung auf Körpersignale als während Ruhe. Dieser Effekt konnte bei DPD-Patienten nicht gefunden werden (Interaktion: p=.027). Die gegenläufigen Trends über den Zeitverlauf in verhaltensbasierten Indikatoren für Interozeption (Herzschlagwahrnehmung) bei DPD-Patienten gegenüber Kontrollprobanden impliziert, dass es Patienten weniger gut gelingt, ihre Aufmerksamkeit über längere Zeit auf Körperempfindungen zu fokussieren. Dieser Unterschied lässt sich auf veränderte Repräsentation afferenter Signale des kardiovaskulären Systems auf Hirnstammebene und auf kortikaler Ebene zurückführen. [less ▲]

Relationship between cardiovascular reactivity and the perception of the thermal grill illusion of pain

Poster (2015, September 03)

Alterations in blood pressure (BP) and concomitant changes in baroreceptor activation contribute to the modulation of pain sensitivity to warrant homeostatic regulation processes [1][2]. Numerous pain ... [more ▼]

Alterations in blood pressure (BP) and concomitant changes in baroreceptor activation contribute to the modulation of pain sensitivity to warrant homeostatic regulation processes [1][2]. Numerous pain studies have described an inverse relationship between BP and nociceptive sensitivity [3][4][5]. It is not known whether a similar relationship plays a role in the framework of the induction of pain in the absence of noxious stimulation. The thermal grill (TG) paradigm is commonly used to trigger this type of paradoxical pain also termed thermal grill illusion of pain (TGI). The goal of the present study was to explore the relationship between cardiovascular activity/reactivity and paradoxical pain sensitivity to get additional insight in the variability of responsiveness (responders and non-responders) to TG stimulation described in the literature [6][7]. We hypothesized that higher BP would be associated with stronger pain inhibitory effects in participants not perceiving the thermal grill illusion of pain (TGI). We moreover expected that the perception of paradoxical pain in the responder group would be paired with lower BP. We tested this hypothesis by comparing both groups with respect to their spontaneous cardiovascular activity (recorded in resting conditions) and their cardiovascular responses to TG stimulation. [less ▲]

Zentralnervöse Verarbeitung von Körpersignalen bei Anorexia nervosa

Scientific Conference (2015, April)

Wahrnehmung körperinterner Signale bei Bulimia Nervosa und Binge-Eating-Störung

in Wittchen, H.-U.; Härtling, S.; Hoyer, J. (Eds.) Abstractband - Wieviel Psychologie steckt in der Psychotherapie? (2015)

Cortical representation of afferent bodily signals in borderline personality disorder: neural correlates and raltionship to emotional dysregulation

in JAMA Psychiatry (2015), 72(11), 1077-1086

The ability to perceive and regulate one's own emotions has been tightly linked to the processing of afferent bodily signals (interoception). Thus, disturbed interoception might contribute to the core ... [more ▼]

The ability to perceive and regulate one's own emotions has been tightly linked to the processing of afferent bodily signals (interoception). Thus, disturbed interoception might contribute to the core feature of emotional dysregulation in borderline personality disorder (BPD), as increased levels of depersonalization, body image disturbances, and reduced sensitivity to physical pain suggest poor body awareness in BPD. OBJECTIVE: To determine neural correlates of disturbed body awareness in BPD and its associations with emotional dysregulation and to explore improvements in body awareness with BPD symptom remission. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Case-control study performed at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. Heartbeat evoked potentials (HEPs), an indicator of the cortical representation of afferent signals from the cardiovascular system, were investigated in 34 medication-free patients with BPD, 31 healthy volunteers, and 17 medication-free patients with BPD in remission. The HEPs were assessed using 5-minute resting-state electroencephalograms and parallel electrocardiograms. Core BPD symptoms, history of childhood traumatization, and psychiatric disorders were assessed by means of self-reports and structured interviews. To measure neural correlates of disturbed body awareness, high-resolution T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected and analyzed using voxel-based morphometry and region-of-interest-based approaches. The study was performed between 2012 and 2014, and data analysis was performed in 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Mean HEP amplitudes in resting-state electroencephalograms and their correlation with self-reported emotional dysregulation, as well as with gray matter volume. RESULTS: Patients with BPD had significantly reduced mean HEP amplitudes compared with healthy volunteers (F1,61 = 11.32, P = .001), whereas the mean HEP amplitudes of patients with BDP in remission lie somewhere in between these 2 groups of participants (P > .05). The HEP amplitudes were negatively correlated with emotional dysregulation (R = -0.30, P = .01) and positively associated with gray matter volume in the left anterior insula (R = 0.53, P < .05) and the bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (R = 0.47, P < .05), 2 structures that have been identified as core regions for interoception. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results indicate state-dependent deficits in the cortical processing of bodily signals in patients with BPD, which appear to be associated with core features of BPD. The analysis of patients with BPD in remission suggests an improvement in cortical representation of bodily signals with symptom remission. Results recommend the integration of techniques to strengthen bodily awareness in psychotherapeutic interventions of BPD. [less ▲]

Gastrische Modulation der Schreckreaktion: eine prä-attentive Methode zur Abbildung afferenter Signale aus dem gastrointestinalen System

in Kaiser, J.; Fiebach, C. (Eds.) 41. Tagung Psychologie und Gehirn - Abstracts der Beiträge (2015)

Two separable mechanisms are responsible for mental stress effects on high frequency heart rate variability: an intra-individual approach in a healthy and a diabetic sample

in International Journal of Psychophysiology (2015), 95(3), 299-303

Interozeptive Sensitivität bei Bulimia Nervosa und Binge-Eating-Störung

in Kaiser, J.; Fiebach, C. (Eds.) 41. Tagung Psychologie und Gehirn - Abstracts der Beiträge (2015)

Short-term food deprivation increases amplitudes of heartbeat-evoked potentials

in Psychophysiology (2015), 52(5), 695-703

Nutritional state, i.e. fasting or non-fasting, may affect the processing of interoceptive signals, but mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. We investigated 16 healthy women on two separate ... [more ▼]

Nutritional state, i.e. fasting or non-fasting, may affect the processing of interoceptive signals, but mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. We investigated 16 healthy women on two separate days: when satiated (standardized food intake) and after an 18 h food deprivation period. On both days, heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEPs) and cardiac and ANS activation indices (heart rate, nLF HRV) were assessed. The HEP is an EEG pattern that is considered an index of cortical representation of afferent cardiovascular signals. Average HEP activity (R-wave +455-595 ms) was enhanced during food deprivation compared to normal food intake. Cardiac activation did not differ between nutritional conditions. Our results indicate that short-term food deprivation amplifies an electrophysiological correlate of the cortical representation of visceral-afferent signals originating from the cardiovascular system. This effect could not be attributed to increased cardiac activation, as estimated by heart rate and nLF HRV, after food deprivation. [less ▲]

Zentralnervöse Verarbeitung von Körpersignalen bei Anorexia nervosa

in Kaiser, J.; Fiebach, C. (Eds.) 41. Tagung Psychologie und Gehirn - Abstracts der Beiträge (2015)