Radiative recombination from localized states in CZT(S,Se) investigated by combined PL and TRPL at low temperatures

in IEEE PVSEC proceedings (2016)

Intragrain charge transport in kesterite thin films-Limits arising from carrier localization

in JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS (2016), 120(17),

Intragrain charge carrier mobilities measured by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy in state of the art Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)(4) kesterite thin films are found to increase from 32 to 140 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) with ... [more ▼]

Intragrain charge carrier mobilities measured by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy in state of the art Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)(4) kesterite thin films are found to increase from 32 to 140 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) with increasing Se content. The mobilities are limited by carrier localization on the nanometer-scale, which takes place within the first 2 ps after carrier excitation. The localization strength obtained from the Drude-Smith model is found to be independent of the excited photocarrier density. This is in accordance with bandgap fluctuations as a cause of the localized transport. Charge carrier localization is a general issue in the probed kesterite thin films, which were deposited by co-evaporation colloidal inks, and sputtering followed by annealing with varying Se/S contents and yield 4.9\%-10.0 efficiency in the completed device. (C) 2016 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). [less ▲]

Quantitative PL Imaging of Thin Film Solar Cells - Potential and Pitfalls

in IEEE PVSEC proceedings (2016)

Photoluminescence imaging as well as quantitative photoluminescence spectroscopy has been successfully applied to different solar cell materials, such as crystalline silicon and polycrystalline Cu(In, Ga ... [more ▼]

Photoluminescence imaging as well as quantitative photoluminescence spectroscopy has been successfully applied to different solar cell materials, such as crystalline silicon and polycrystalline Cu(In, Ga) Se-2. These methods can be used to investigate spatial inhomogeneities as well as for the contactless determination of quasi-Fermi level splittings, which are related to the open-circuit voltage in finished photovoltaic devices. The theory underlying the analysis of quantitative PL imaging is found to work reliably for more ideal semiconductors such as silicon, but can pose substantial problems for the more non-ideal semiconductors such as kesterite-type materials, where both the optical properties as well as the recombination process may vary widely from sample to sample. In this contribution we will evaluate different approaches to analyse quantitative PL imaging and discuss the potential pitfalls incurred, especially when the actual sample temperature during the measurement is not properly taken into account. [less ▲]

Different Bandgaps in Cu2ZnSnSe4: A High Temperature Coevaporation Study

in IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics (2015), 5(2), 641-648

We present a high-temperature Cu2ZnSnSe4 coevaporation study, where solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 7.1 have been achieved. The process is monitored with laser light scattering in order ... [more ▼]

We present a high-temperature Cu2ZnSnSe4 coevaporation study, where solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 7.1 have been achieved. The process is monitored with laser light scattering in order to follow the incorporation of the Sn into the film. We observe the segregation of ZnSe at the Mo/CZTSe interface. Optical analysis has been carried out with photoluminescence and spectrophotometry. We observe strong band tailing and a bandgap, which is significantly lower than in other reported efficient CZTSe absorbers. The photoluminescence at room temperature is lower than the bandgap due to the existence of a large quantity of tail states. Finally, we present effects of low-temperature postannealing of the absorbers on ordering of the Cu/Zn atoms in CZTSe and solar cell parameters. We observe strong changes in all solar cell parameters upon annealing. The efficiency of the annealed devices is significantly reduced, although ordering is improved compared with ones made from nonannealed absorbers. [less ▲]

Detection of a MoSe2 secondary phase layer in CZTSe by spectroscopic ellipsometry

in JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS (2015), 118

Detection of Cu2Zn5SnSe8 and Cu2Zn6SnSe9 phases in co-evaporated Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin-films

in Applied Physics Letters (2015), 107

Multiple phases of Cu2ZnSnSe4 detected by room temperature photoluminescence (vol 116, 073509, 2014)

in JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS (2015), 118(8),

Loss mechanisms in kesterite

in wiley (Ed.) Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide-Based Thin Film Solar Cells (2014)

Assessment of crystal quality and unit cell orientation in epitaxial Cu2ZnSnSe4 layers using polarized Raman scattering

in Optics Express (2014), 22

Assessment of crystal quality and unit cell orientation in epitaxial Cu2ZnSnSe4 layers using polarized Raman scattering

in OPTICS EXPRESS (2014), 22(23), 28240-28246

We use polarization-resolved Raman spectroscopy to assess the crystal quality of epitaxial kesterite layers. It is demonstrated for the example of epitaxial Cu2ZnSnSe4 layers on GaAs(001) that ``standing ... [more ▼]

We use polarization-resolved Raman spectroscopy to assess the crystal quality of epitaxial kesterite layers. It is demonstrated for the example of epitaxial Cu2ZnSnSe4 layers on GaAs(001) that ``standing'' and ``lying'' kesterite unit cell orientations (c'-axis parallel / perpendicular to the growth direction) can be distinguished by the application of Raman tensor analysis. From the appearance of characteristic intensity oscillations when the sample is rotated one can distinguish polycrystalline and epitaxial layers. The method can be transferred to kesterite layers oriented in any crystal direction and can shed light on the growth of such layers in general. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America [less ▲]