Golden Codes for Dual Polarized MIMO-OFDM Transmissions in Hybrid Satellite/Terrestrial Mobile Systems

in Communications (ICC), 2011 IEEE International Conference on (2011)

This paper discusses the performance of Golden codes in a hybrid satellite/terrestrial system framework employing dual polarized MIMO-OFDM transmissions. Although the use of Golden codes in satellite and ... [more ▼]

This paper discusses the performance of Golden codes in a hybrid satellite/terrestrial system framework employing dual polarized MIMO-OFDM transmissions. Although the use of Golden codes in satellite and terrestrial scenarios has been studied independently, a realistic performance assessment must involve both components taking into account the relative delay between their reception. In fact, this work exploits the relative delay to create a multipath scenario and further improve the coding gain of the Golden codes, which is otherwise fixed. This is made possible by utilizing the Golden code in a Space-Frequency coding framework instead of the traditional Space-Time paradigm. The separation between the subcarriers constituting a Golden code is shown to be central to the coding gain enhancement and an algorithm to choose this separation is provided. [less ▲]

Impact of Spatial Correlation and Precoding Design in OSTBC MIMO Systems

in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (2010), 9(11), 3578-3589

The impact of transmission design and spatial correlation on the symbol error rate (SER) is analyzed for multi-antenna communication links. The receiver has perfect channel state information (CSI), while ... [more ▼]

The impact of transmission design and spatial correlation on the symbol error rate (SER) is analyzed for multi-antenna communication links. The receiver has perfect channel state information (CSI), while the transmitter has either statistical or no CSI. The transmission is based on orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) and linear precoding. The precoding strategy that minimizes the worst-case SER is derived for the case when the transmitter has no CSI. Based on this strategy, the intuitive result that spatial correlation degrades the SER performance is proved mathematically. In the case when the transmitter knows the channel statistics, the correlation matrix is assumed to be jointly-correlated (a generalization of the Kronecker model). The eigenvectors of the SER-optimal precoding matrix are shown to originate from the correlation matrix and the remaining power allocation is a convex problem. Equal power allocation is SER-optimal at high SNR. Beamforming is SER-optimal at low SNR, or for increasing constellation sizes, and its optimality range is characterized. A heuristic low-complexity power allocation is proposed and evaluated numerically. Finally, it is proved analytically that receive-side correlation always degrades the SER. Transmit-side correlation will however improve the SER at low to medium SNR, while its impact is negligible at high SNR. [less ▲]

Cooperative Multicell Precoding : Rate Region Characterization and Distributed Strategies with Instantaneous and Statistical CSI

in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing (2010), 58(8), 4298-4310

Base station cooperation is an attractive way of increasing the spectral efficiency in multiantenna communication. By serving each terminal through several base stations in a given area, intercell ... [more ▼]

Base station cooperation is an attractive way of increasing the spectral efficiency in multiantenna communication. By serving each terminal through several base stations in a given area, intercell interference can be coordinated and higher performance achieved, especially for terminals at cell edges. Most previous work in the area has assumed that base stations have common knowledge of both data dedicated to all terminals and full or partial channel state information (CSI) of all links. Herein, we analyze the case of distributed cooperation where each base station has only local CSI, either instantaneous or statistical. In the case of instantaneous CSI, the beamforming vectors that can attain the outer boundary of the achievable rate region are characterized for an arbitrary number of multiantenna transmitters and single-antenna receivers. This characterization only requires local CSI and justifies distributed precoding design based on a novel virtual signal-to-interference noise ratio (SINR) framework, which can handle an arbitrary SNR and achieves the optimal multiplexing gain. The local power allocation between terminals is solved heuristically. Conceptually, analogous results for the achievable rate region characterization and precoding design are derived in the case of local statistical CSI. The benefits of distributed cooperative transmission are illustrated numerically, and it is shown that most of the performance with centralized cooperation can be obtained using only local CSI. [less ▲]

A Limited Feedback Joint Precoding for Amplify-and-Forward Relaying

in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing (2010), 58(3), 1347-1357

This paper deals with the practical precoding design for a dual hop downlink with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) amplify-and-forward relaying. First, assuming that full channel state information ... [more ▼]

This paper deals with the practical precoding design for a dual hop downlink with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) amplify-and-forward relaying. First, assuming that full channel state information (CSI) of the two hop channels is available, a suboptimal dual hop joint precoding scheme, i.e., precoding at both the base station and relay station, is investigated. Based on its structure, a scheme of limited feedback joint precoding using joint codebooks is then proposed, which uses a distributed codeword selection to concurrently choose two joint precoders such that the feedback delay is considerably decreased. Finally, the joint codebook design for the limited feedback joint precoding system is analyzed, and results reveal that independent codebook designs at the base station and relay station using the conventional Grassmannian subspace packing method is able to guarantee that the overall performance of the dual hop joint precoding scheme improves with the size of each of the two codebooks. Simulation results show that the proposed dual hop joint precoding system using distributed codeword selection scheme exhibits a rate or BER performance close to the one using the optimal centralized codeword selection scheme, while having lower computational complexity and shorter feedback delay. [less ▲]

A multiuser downlink system combining limited feedback and channel correlaton information

in Communications (ICC), 2010 IEEE International Conference on (2010)

We address the problem of combining limited feedback information with long-term channel statistical information in the design of downlink SDMA schemes. A novel combining method is developed to improve the ... [more ▼]

We address the problem of combining limited feedback information with long-term channel statistical information in the design of downlink SDMA schemes. A novel combining method is developed to improve the quality of channel knowledge at the base station. More specifically, a set of novel feedback parameters is proposed and a related method is developed to estimate a representation of the multiuser channel vectors at the base station. This method utilizes the hybrid information by combining instantaneous channel feedback and long-term channel statistics, and is based on a channel phase codebook designed using the generalized Lloyd algorithm. The estimated channel knowledge at the base station can be used for joint design of multiuser precoding and opportunistic scheduling. The advantage of the proposed scheme over existing CSI quantization based SDMA schemes is further confirmed by computer simulations. [less ▲]

Modelling Angle Spread Autocorrelations and the Impact on Multi-User Diversity Gains

in Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2010 IEEE (2010)

One way of modelling the wireless channel is in a statistical manner, based on a few parameters describing the characteristics of the environment. In most current wireless channel models, these key ... [more ▼]

One way of modelling the wireless channel is in a statistical manner, based on a few parameters describing the characteristics of the environment. In most current wireless channel models, these key parameters are assumed independent between separate links, i.e. on the channels modelling the propagation between one base station and several mobile stations, or one mobile station and several base stations. In practice, dependencies between these wireless channels is expected and as a consequence, system performance evaluations based on models with independent links may be inaccurate. Herein, we consider simulations of a system that depend on the spatial nature of the channel. In particular, we study a system with multi-user scheduling using a single carrier. We investigate the impact of angle spread correlations on multi-user diversity gains using opportunistic scheduling. To facilitate this, a novel method of modelling the angle spread correlations for multi-user system simulations is developed. It is shown that in systems with multiple user scheduling, modelling the angle spread autocorrelation is necessary to obtain reliable system performance results, especially as the number of simultaneous scheduled users increases. [less ▲]

Pixel Weighted Average Strategy for Depth Sensor Data Fusion

in 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (2010)

Robust Cognitive Beamforming With Bounded Channel Uncertainties

in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing (2009), 57(12), 4871-4881

This paper studies the robust beamforming design for a multi-antenna cognitive radio (CR) network, which transmits to multiple secondary users (SUs) and coexists with a primary network of multiple users ... [more ▼]

This paper studies the robust beamforming design for a multi-antenna cognitive radio (CR) network, which transmits to multiple secondary users (SUs) and coexists with a primary network of multiple users. We aim to maximize the minimum of the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) of the SUs, subject to the constraints of the total SU transmit power and the received interference power at the primary users (PUs) by optimizing the beamforming vectors at the SU transmitter based on imperfect channel state information (CSI). To model the uncertainty in CSI, we consider a bounded region for both cases of channel matrices and channel covariance matrices. As such, the optimization is done while satisfying the interference constraints for all possible CSI error realizations. We shall first derive equivalent conditions for the interference constraints and then convert the problems into the form of semi-definite programming (SDP) with the aid of rank relaxation, which leads to iterative algorithms for obtaining the robust optimal beamforming solution. Results demonstrate the achieved robustness and the performance gain over conventional approaches and that the proposed algorithms can obtain the exact robust optimal solution with high probability. [less ▲]

3D Skeleton based Head Detection and Tracking using Range Images

in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology (2009), 58(8), 4064-4077

Vision-based 3-D head detection and tracking systems have been studied in several applications like video surveillance, face-detection systems, and occupant posture analysis. In this paper, we present the ... [more ▼]

Vision-based 3-D head detection and tracking systems have been studied in several applications like video surveillance, face-detection systems, and occupant posture analysis. In this paper, we present the development of a topology-based framework using a 3-D skeletal model for the robust detection and tracking of a vehicle occupant's head position from low-resolution range image data for a passive safety system. Unlike previous approaches to head detection, the proposed approach explores the topology information of a scene to detect the position of the head. Among the different available topology representations, the Reeb graph technique is chosen and is adapted to low-resolution 3-D range images. Invariance of the graph under rotations is achieved by using a Morse radial distance function. To cope with the particular challenges such as the noise and the large variations in the density of the data, a voxel neighborhood connectivity notion is proposed. A multiple-hypothesis tracker (MHT) with nearest-neighbor data association and Kalman filter prediction is applied on the endpoints of the Reeb graph to select and filter the correct head candidate out of Reeb graph endpoints. A systematic evaluation of the head detection framework is carried out on full-scale experimental 3-D range images and compared with the ground truth. It is shown that the Reeb graph topology algorithm developed herein allows the correct detection of the head of the occupant with only two head candidates as input to the MHT. Results of the experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework is robust under the large variations of the scene. The processing requirements of the proposed approach are discussed. It is shown that the number of operations is rather low and that real-time processing requirements can be met with the proposed method. [less ▲]

Robust Collaborative-Relay Beamforming

in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing (2009), 57(8), 3130-3143

Relay communications is a promising technique to extend the range of wireless communications by forwarding the message from the sender to the intended destination. While fixed or variable-power relays ... [more ▼]

Relay communications is a promising technique to extend the range of wireless communications by forwarding the message from the sender to the intended destination. While fixed or variable-power relays have been previously investigated, this paper addresses the collaborative use of variable-phase variable-power amplify-and-forward (AF) relays for robust beamforming, with the aid of imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the sender. In particular, the maximization of the worst-case signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination terminal is studied under a bounded spherical region for the norm of the CSI error vector from the relays to the destination. Our main contribution is that we prove, under a condition on the quality of the estimated CSI, the robust-optimal collaborative-relay beamforming (CRBF) can be obtained by S-procedure and rank relaxation techniques. In addition, a distributed algorithm is developed by examining the structure of the optimal CRBF solution. Results demonstrate a significant gain of CRBF over non-robust approaches. [less ▲]