Herzratenvariabilität als Indikator für Selbstregulationsprozesse bei gezügeltem Essverhalten

in 11. Kongress der Fachgruppe Gesundheitspsychologie: Selbstregulation und Gesundheit: Abstractband des Kongresses (2013)

EINFÜHRUNG. Gezügelte Esser unterwerfen ihr Essverhalten einer ausgeprägten kognitiven Kontrolle. Sie versuchen andauernd, hochkalorische Nahrungsmittel zu vermeiden und diesen zu widerstehen. Dabei sind ... [more ▼]

EINFÜHRUNG. Gezügelte Esser unterwerfen ihr Essverhalten einer ausgeprägten kognitiven Kontrolle. Sie versuchen andauernd, hochkalorische Nahrungsmittel zu vermeiden und diesen zu widerstehen. Dabei sind sie jedoch sehr anfällig für ein kurzfristiges Versagen der Selbstregulation. Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) ist ein Indikator für Selbstregulationskapazität und -anstrengung. Sie steigt während des Versuchs, einem hochkalorischen Nahrungsmittel zu widerstehen, kurzfristig an. Im Anschluss an eine solche Anstrengung sind die Selbstregulationsressourcen vorübergehend erschöpft. Auf Grundlage dieser Befunde wurden in der vorliegenden Studie Veränderungen der HRV während der Konfrontation mit hoch- vs. niedrigkalorischen Nahrungsmitteln bei gezügelten und ungezügelten Essern untersucht. METHODIK. Nach dreistündigem Fasten wurden 60 Studentinnen entweder mit einem hochkalorischen (Brownie) oder mit einem niedrigkalorischen (Karotte) Nahrungsmittel konfrontiert. Sie wurden gebeten, das Nahrungsmittel zu betrachten und seinen Geruch wahrzunehmen, es aber nicht zu essen. Währenddessen wurde kontinuierlich die Herzrate aufgezeichnet. Zusätzlich fanden Ruhemessungen vor und nach der Konfrontation statt. Gezügeltes Essverhalten wurde mit dem Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire erfasst. ERGEBNISSE. Gezügelte Esser zeigten während der Konfrontation mit hochkalorischen Nahrungsmitteln einen stärkeren Anstieg der HRV als während der Konfrontation mit niedrigkalorischen Nahrungsmitteln. Bei ungezügelten Essern stieg die HRV in beiden Bedingungen gleich stark an. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN. Gezügelte Esser setzen bei der Konfrontation mit hochkalorischen Nahrungsmitteln vermehrt Selbstregulationsressourcen ein, um sich zu kontrollieren. Bei der Konfrontation mit niedrigkalorischen Nahrungsmitteln, die den Erfolg ihrer Diät nicht bedrohen, scheint dies nur in geringem Maß nötig zu sein. Möglicherweise handelt es sich hier um eine Strategie zur Schonung von Selbstregulationsressourcen, um diese effektiver für die Vermeidung hochkalorischer Nahrungsmittel einsetzen zu können. Die Verwendung psychophysiologischer Methoden erweist sich als vielversprechender Ansatz zur Untersuchung grundlegender Selbstregulationsprozesse im Bereich des gezügelten Essverhaltens. [less ▲]

Who’s that girl? Body image, self-recognition, and self-concept in young women with high vs. low risk for eating disorders

Scientific Conference (2012)

Self-reported dieting success is associated with cardiac autonomic regulation in current dieters

in Appetite (2012), 59(2)

Restrained eating, eating disorders and obesity have been associated with cardiac autonomic dysregulation. The current study investigated cardiac autonomic regulation in current dieters. Female students ... [more ▼]

Restrained eating, eating disorders and obesity have been associated with cardiac autonomic dysregulation. The current study investigated cardiac autonomic regulation in current dieters. Female students (N = 50) indicated if they were currently trying to control their weight and completed the Perceived Self-Regulatory Success in Dieting Scale (PSRS). Heart beat intervals were recorded during two 10 min relaxation periods from which parameters of vagal-cardiac control (high frequency power in normalized units, HF n.u.) and sympathovagal balance (ratio of low and high frequency power, LF/HF) were calculated. In current dieters, self-reported dieting success was positively associated with HF and negatively associated with LF/HF. These associations were independent of current body-mass and food deprivation (i.e. hours since the last meal). We conclude that vagal-cardiac control reflects self-regulatory strength, rather than nutritional status, in current dieters. [less ▲]

Food cravings discriminate differentially between successful and unsuccessful dieters and non-dieters: Validation of the Food Cravings Questionnaires in German

in Appetite (2012), 1(58), 88-97

Food cravings have been strongly associated with triggering food consumption. However, definitions and measurements of food cravings are heterogeneous. Therefore, Cepeda-Benito and colleagues (2000) have ... [more ▼]

Food cravings have been strongly associated with triggering food consumption. However, definitions and measurements of food cravings are heterogeneous. Therefore, Cepeda-Benito and colleagues (2000) have suggested the Food Cravings Questionnaires (FCQs) to measure food cravings as a multidimensional con- struct at trait- and state-level. In the current study, we validated a German version of the FCQs in an online study (N = 616). The factor structure of the state and trait versions could partially be replicated, but yielded fewer than the originally proposed factors. Internal consistencies of both versions were very good (Cronbach’s a > .90), whereas retest reliability of the state version was expectedly lower than that of the trait version. Construct validity of the trait version (FCQ-T) was demonstrated by high correlations with related eating behavior questionnaires and low correlations with questionnaires unrelated to eating. Most importantly, FCQ-T-subscales were able to discriminate between successful and unsuccessful diet- ers and non-dieters. Validity of the state version was supported by positive relations with food depriva- tion and current negative affect. Taken together, the German version of the FCQs has good psychometric properties. Moreover, this study provided first evidence that distinct dimensions of food cravings are differentially related to success and failure in dieting. [less ▲]

Women with elevated food addiction symptoms show accelerated reactions, but no impaired inhibitory control, in response to pictures of high-calorie food-cues.

in Eating Behaviors (2012), 13(4), 423-428

Addictive behaviors are accompanied by a lack of inhibitory control, specifically when individuals are confronted with substance-related cues. Thus, we expected women with symptoms of food addiction to be ... [more ▼]

Addictive behaviors are accompanied by a lack of inhibitory control, specifically when individuals are confronted with substance-related cues. Thus, we expected women with symptoms of food addiction to be impaired in inhibitory control, when confronted with palatable, high-calorie food-cues. Female college students (N = 50) where divided in low and high food addiction groups based on the symptom count of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Participants performed a Go/No-Go-task with high-calorie food-cues or neutral pictures presented behind the targets. Self-reported impulsivity was also assessed. The high food addiction group had faster reaction times in response to food-cues as compared to neutral cues and reported higher attentional impulsivity than the low food addiction group. Commission and omission errors did not differ between groups or picture types. Hence, women with food addiction symptoms reported higher attentional impulsivity and reacted faster in response to food-cues, although neither increased self-reported motor impulsivity nor impaired behavioral inhibition were found. Food addiction symptoms seem to be related to attentional aspects of impulsivity but not other facets of impulsivity. [less ▲]

Selbstregulation und Inhibition von „Food Cravings“

in Vögele, Claus (Ed.) Von der Forschung zur Praxis 13. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Verhaltensmedizin und Verhaltensmodifikation – DGVM (2011)