References of "Boll, Thomas 50000943"
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See detailEffects of parental differential treatment on relationship quality with siblings and parents: Justice evaluations as mediators
Boll, Thomas UL; Ferring, Dieter UL; Filipp, S.-H.

in Social Justice Research (2005), 18(2), 155-182

Based on equity theory, the present study analyzes to what extent justice evaluations mediate the effects of perceived parental differential treatment (PDT) on relationship quality with siblings and ... [more ▼]

Based on equity theory, the present study analyzes to what extent justice evaluations mediate the effects of perceived parental differential treatment (PDT) on relationship quality with siblings and parents as experienced in middle adulthood. Middle-aged adult offspring (N = 709) rated how often they and a sibling received parental recognition, nurturance, and demands for assuming filial responsibility. In addition, they indicated their justice evaluations of PDT and completed measures of relationship quality to sibling and parents. Justice evaluations emerged as either partial or complete mediators between PDT and relationship quality. Moreover, justice evaluations turned out to be more powerful predictors of relationship quality to parents than PDT per se. Implications are discussed concerning factors contributing to justice evaluations and the role of PDT within the context of other justice issues in families. [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 187 (2 UL)
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See detailPerceived parental differential treatment in middle adulthood: Curvilinear relations with relationship quality to sibling and parents
Boll, Thomas UL; Ferring, Dieter UL; Filipp, S.-H.

in Journal of Family Psychology (2003), 17(4), 472-487

Guided by predictions from equity theory and the self-esteem maintenance model, links between perceptions of current parental differential treatment and the perceiver's experienced relationship quality ... [more ▼]

Guided by predictions from equity theory and the self-esteem maintenance model, links between perceptions of current parental differential treatment and the perceiver's experienced relationship quality with sibling and parents were analyzed in a sample of 1,020 adult (middle-aged) offspring. Participants rated how often they and a sibling receive parental recognition, nurture, and demands for filial responsibility. In addition, they indicated their emotions and behaviors toward sibling and parents. Data analyses showed that an individual's experienced relationship with sibling was best when both were treated equally and diminished with increasing favoritism or disfavoritism. Experienced relationship with parents was best when participants were favored a bit; the relationship worsened when participants were disfavored and worsened only slightly when they were extremely favored. Results are discussed regarding mediating processes and implications for practical applications. [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 174 (2 UL)
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See detailElterliche Ungleichbehandlung in Kindheit und Jugend aus der Perspektive des mittleren Erwachsenenalters
Ferring, Dieter UL; Boll, Thomas UL; Filipp, S.-H.

in Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Padagogische Psychologie (2003), 35(2), 83-97

Analyzed the structure and extent of recalled differential parental treatment in a sample of 1,208 subjects (Ss) aged 40-54 yrs. In addition, equity-theoretical predictions concerning potential ... [more ▼]

Analyzed the structure and extent of recalled differential parental treatment in a sample of 1,208 subjects (Ss) aged 40-54 yrs. In addition, equity-theoretical predictions concerning potential consequences for relationship quality to siblings and parents were tested. Ss had to rate with respect to themselves as well as a selected sibling how often they had received various forms of maternal and paternal treatment when growing up. Factor analyses of difference scores (own minus sibling) revealed 2 dimensions of both maternal and paternal treatment, which grouped differential parental behavior with respect to differential support and differential strictness. Results of hierarchic cluster analyses showed that a group of "equally treated" (80.4% of the sample), "disadvantaged" (13.2%), and "favored" Ss (6.4%) could be identified with respect to paternal differential treatment; a group of "equally treated" (87%) and a group of "disadvantaged" Ss (13%) emerged with respect to maternal treatment. Analyses of variance revealed that "disadvantaged" children reported less current attachment/closeness to parents and siblings as well as less willingness to support parents and siblings than "equally treated" and "favored" children. [less ▲]

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See detailSoziale Vergleiche zwischen Geschwistern im frühen Erwachsenenalter: Eine explorative Studie
Ferring, Dieter UL; Boll, Thomas UL; Neumann, B.

in Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Padagogische Psychologie (2002), 34(3), 174-193

The present study focuses on social comparisons in sibling relations in early adulthood. Starting from theoretical and empirical evidence of social comparison theory as well as research and findings on ... [more ▼]

The present study focuses on social comparisons in sibling relations in early adulthood. Starting from theoretical and empirical evidence of social comparison theory as well as research and findings on sibling relations, the thesis of a self-serving use of social comparisons in sibling relations is elaborated. A sample of N = 100 subjects had to name up to ten positive and ten negative personal characteristics which were additionally rated with respect to their personal importance; resulting comparison judgments were analyzed with respect to inferred similarity and/or inferiority as well as superiority towards the sibling. Furthermore, relations between comparison judgments and structural variables of sibling relations (i.e., sex of siblings) as well as self-esteem were explored; the effects of social comparison on indicators of relationship quality were investigated in the final step of the analysis. Findings showed that subjects formulated more dissimilarity than similarity in their judgments. Personal characteristics from which subjects inferred inferiority towards the sibling were rated as significantly less important than characteristics from which superiority was inferred. Furthermore, social comparisons were weakly related to structural characteristics and self-esteem but showed a more substantial and differential association with indicators of relationship quality. [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 2014 (10 UL)
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See detailVorhersage elternbezogener Schuldgefühle bei Kindern im mittleren Erwachsenenalter
Boll, Thomas UL; Filipp, Sigrun-Heide

in Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Padagogische Psychologie (2002), 34(2), 95-105

Based on analyses of the cognitive-evaluative structure of guilt feelings and of the normative context of parent-child-relations, the present study aimed at identifying predictors of parent-related ... [more ▼]

Based on analyses of the cognitive-evaluative structure of guilt feelings and of the normative context of parent-child-relations, the present study aimed at identifying predictors of parent-related feelings of guilt in a sample of middle-aged children. 300 respondents (daughters and sons) aged 41 to 51 years were enrolled in a questionnaire study. Though, parent-related feelings of guilt were rather infrequent on the level of means, substantial interindividual differences were observed. These differences could be predicted from two sets of variables, (1) children’s self-perceived violations of filial obligations and (2) reproachful behaviours on the side of parents. About one fourth of the variance in feelings of guilt could be explained. Feelings of guilt were particularly frequent in children (in particular daughters) who had little (superficial) contact with their parents, and who avoided conflict with their parents, when – at the same time – parents were rated to be low in subjective well-being, and whose parents lived alone. In addition, feelings of guilt were enhanced with an increase in parent’s bossiness, especially when addressed to children scoring low in self-esteem. Results are discussed with respect to additional self-perceived violations of filial obligations and cognitive appraisals of responsibility, that could further improve the prediction of parent-related feelings of guilt. [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 157 (5 UL)
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See detailStruktur und Folgen elterlicher Ungleichbehandlung von Geschwistern: Forschungsstand und -desiderate
Boll, Thomas UL; Ferring, Dieter UL; Filipp, S.-H.

in Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Padagogische Psychologie (2001), 33(4), 195-203

The present paper reviews the empirical literature on the structure and consequences of differential parental treatment of siblings. Starting from a conceptual clarification of differential parental ... [more ▼]

The present paper reviews the empirical literature on the structure and consequences of differential parental treatment of siblings. Starting from a conceptual clarification of differential parental treatment (DPT) and parental favoritism (PF) methods for assessing these constructs are described. Then, empirical findings concerning the consequences of DPT or PF for the individual siblings, the sibling relationship, and parent child relations are summarised. The following desiderata of research are outlined: (1) Analysis of structure and consequences of DPT in adulthood, (2) conceptualisation and measurement of DPT that differentiates between domains, actors and temporal reference as well as amount and direction, and (3) investigation of mediating processes between DPT and its various effects that is guided by theories of social comparison, justice, and emotion. [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 558 (8 UL)
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See detailPositivity in aged’s perceptions of intergenerational relationships: A “stake” or a “leniency” effect?
Winkeler, Markus; Filipp, Sigrun-Heide; Boll, Thomas UL

in International Journal of Behavioral Development (2000), 24(2), 173-182

The ‘‘developmental stake hypothesis’’ has been proposed for the frequent finding that aged parents consistently report higher levels of closeness to and consensus with their (adult) children than these ... [more ▼]

The ‘‘developmental stake hypothesis’’ has been proposed for the frequent finding that aged parents consistently report higher levels of closeness to and consensus with their (adult) children than these children do themselves. This study investigated an alternative hypothesis: Drawing on research on prosocial behaviour in old age, it proposes that the aged tend to construe all social relationships in a positively biased manner (‘‘leniency hypothesis’’). Using a quasi-experimental (vignette) approach, scenarios describing two family members discussing a controversial issue were presented to 809 middle-aged (aged 40 to 50 years) and aged subjects (65 to 75 years). The lineage composition of the dyads of family members in the scenarios (i.e. aged parent and adult child vs. two adult siblings) was varied systematically as a between-subjects factor, and the controversial issue was varied as a within-subjects factor. Dependent variables were the participants’ evaluative and prescriptive judgements on the protagonists’ behaviour and the quality of their relationship. Overall, results showed that the aged perceived all scenarios in a significantly more positive light than middle-aged participants, regardless of their lineage composition. Thus, a ‘‘positivity bias’’ was observed in judgements of both intergenerational as well as intragenerational dyads, and it is concluded that the leniency hypothesis provides a better account of these findings than the stake hypothesis. [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 158 (5 UL)
See detailEmotionen aus intentionalitätstheoretischer Sicht: Implikationen für psychologische Forschungsprogramme
Boll, Thomas UL

Report (1999)

The paper presents the basic assumptions of an intentionality theory-based view of emotions in the philosophy of mind and its implications for psychological research programs. Intentionalistic view ... [more ▼]

The paper presents the basic assumptions of an intentionality theory-based view of emotions in the philosophy of mind and its implications for psychological research programs. Intentionalistic view conceives emotions as complex mental states with semantic content, especially as interconnected beliefs and desires. Particular types of emotions (e.g., anger, joy) are regarded as structures of beliefs and desires with abstract semantic contents. Different variants of one emotion type (e.g., anger about self, anger about others) are individuated according to their concrete semantic contents. Relations between emotions and other intentional phenomena are viewed as inferential relations. Relations between objective states of affairs and emotions are seen as representational relations. Advantages of this view are a more adequate conceptualization of emotional phenomena, options for an analysis of emotions differentiated by their objects, elaborations of cognitive and motivational theories of emotion, and a structural model of the causes and consequences of emotional responses to complex situations. These implications are evaluated with reference to heuristic gains and methodological requirements. [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 96 (17 UL)
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See detailKonflikte zwischen den Generationen im Erwachsenenalter: Daten zu Verbreitung und Manifestationsformen aus einer Repräsentativerhebung
Filipp, Sigrun-Heide; Boll, Thomas UL

in Psychologische Beiträge (1998), 40(3/4), 235-253

The prevalence of inter- and intragenerational conflicts is assessed in a large sample of the middle-aged and old-aged German population. N = 4017 adult subjects ranging in age from 40 to 85 years ... [more ▼]

The prevalence of inter- and intragenerational conflicts is assessed in a large sample of the middle-aged and old-aged German population. N = 4017 adult subjects ranging in age from 40 to 85 years indicated current personal conflicts with regard to the relative age of conflict partners (e.g., younger, older, same age), intra- vs. extrafamilial location of conflict, and conflict behaviour. More than ten percent of the subjects reported current intergenerational conflicts, involving family members more often than persons not belonging to one’s family. The prevalence of intergenerational conflicts increased and prevalence of intragenerational conflicts decreased with respondents’ age. Women were more frequently engaged in conflicts with older persons, especially family members. Results are discussed with respect to underlying processes that could mediate the covariation between sociodemographic variables and frequency of intergenerational conflicts. A strategy for further research on intergenerational conflicts is sketched. [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 302 (3 UL)
See detailIntentionalitätstheoretische Forschungsstrategie für moralische Emotionen
Boll, Thomas UL

in Reichle, Barbara; Schmitt, Manfred (Eds.) Verantwortung, Gerechtigkeit und Moral. Zum psychologischen Verständnis ethischer Aspekte im menschlichen Verhalten (1998)

The paper presents a research strategy for the analysis of the causes and consequences of moral emotions (e.g., indignation, guilt feelings). It is based on a theory of intentionality approach which ... [more ▼]

The paper presents a research strategy for the analysis of the causes and consequences of moral emotions (e.g., indignation, guilt feelings). It is based on a theory of intentionality approach which conceptualizes emotions as states with semantic content. According to that view emotions arise from a mental representation of states of affairs, that fulfill or frustrate the desires or oughts of an individual. The strategy is comprised of seven steps: (1) formulation of the research questions about a moral emotion , (2) a structural analysis of the relevant emotion type, (3) an analysis of the objective state of affairs which may evoke the moral emotion, (4) an analysis of the mental profile of the individual, (5) generation of hypotheses on causes and consequences of a moral emotion, (6) hypotheses testing, and (7) interpretation of the empirical results. The single steps and their sequence are described and exemplified regarding the analysis of causes and consequences of moral indignation about loss of one's drivers license due to drunk driving. Finally, it is demonstrated how the research strategy can be extended to more complex research questions referring to different moral emotions focused on different objects which arise in different categories of persons. [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 336 (3 UL)
See detailAnalyse kognitiver und motivationaler Aspekte spezifischer Emotionen. Am Beispiel von Schuldgefühlen und Empörung nach Führerscheinentzug
Boll, Thomas UL

Book published by Kovač (1998)

Kognitiv-evaluative Bedingungen und motivationale Folgen spezifischer Emotionen werden am Beispiel von Schuldgefühlen und Empörung nach Führerscheinentzug theoretisch und empirisch analysiert. Den ... [more ▼]

Kognitiv-evaluative Bedingungen und motivationale Folgen spezifischer Emotionen werden am Beispiel von Schuldgefühlen und Empörung nach Führerscheinentzug theoretisch und empirisch analysiert. Den theoretischen Hintergrund bildet die Sicht von Emotionen als intentionalen Zuständen. Danach werden Emotionen wesentlich durch den Bezug auf ein mental repräsentiertes Objekt konstituiert, das Wünsche, Ziele oder Normen des Emotionssubjekts erfüllt oder verletzt, woraus weitere Wünsche oder Handlungsbereitschaften des Subjekts erwachsen können. Innerhalb dieses Rahmens werden die Emotionskonzepte Schuldgefühl und Empörung expliziert. Daraus werden in Verbindung mit Informationen über die emotionsauslösenden Situationen (Fahren unter Alkoholeinfluss, Entzug und Verweigerung der Fahrerlaubnis) und über die Emotionssubjekte (alkoholauffällige Kraftfahrer) Hypothesen über Verantwortlichkeitsüberzeugungen, moralische und gerechtigkeitsthematische Bewertungen und Rechtfertigungen eigenen und behördlichen Handelns als Bedingungen von Schuldgefühlen und Empörung gebildet. Weitere Hypothesen werden zu den Folgen beider Emotionen im Bereich konkreter Wünsche, Handlungsbereitschaften und Vorsätze mit Bezug zum Fahren unter Alkoholeinfluss und zur Verweigerung der Fahrerlaubnis generiert. An einer Stichprobe von 182 alkoholauffälligen Kraftfahrern wurden die angeführten Variablen mit vom Autor konstruierten Fragebogenskalen erfasst. Zentrale empirische Ergebnisse waren unter anderem: (1) Schuldgefühle werden durch spezifische Überzeugungen eigener Verantwortlichkeit und negative moralische Bewertungen des eigenen Fahrens unter Alkoholeinfluss gesteigert und durch die Interpretation erfahrener Sanktionen (Geldstrafe, Führerscheinsperre) als Sühne reduziert. (2) Schuldgefühle disponieren zu diversen Handlungsbereitschaften (z. B. Wiedergutmachung, Schadenersatz), wobei weitere Überzeugungen, Wünsche und Normen als moderierende Randbedingungen und additive Einflussfaktoren ins Spiel kommen. (3) Empörung wird durch diverse Ungerechtigkeitsbewertungen zur Verweigerung der Fahrerlaubnis und Überzeugungen zur Verantwortlichkeit der Beamten (böswilliges Handeln, nachlässiges Handeln) gesteigert und durch Rechtfertigungsgründe (z. B. Wahrung der Verkehrssicherheit) gehemmt, wobei deren Effekt von Randbedingungen abhängt. (4) Empörung erhöht sowohl Bereitschaften zu eigenen Auflehnungshandlungen (Anklage und Aggression gegenüber Beamten; Einlegen von Rechtsmitteln) als auch Wünsche nach Auflehnung Dritter (mächtige Personen in der Behörde). Abschliessend werden Konsequenzen für die Analyse von Schuldgefühlen und Empörung in anderen Situationen aufgezeigt sowie methodische und theoretische Implikationen für die Analyse kognitiver und motivationaler Aspekte anderer Emotionen herausgearbeitet. [less ▲]

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See detailAnalysen der Bedeutungsstrukturen alltagssprachlicher Emotionswörter: Grundzüge eines Verfahrens, exemplarische Anwendung, Implikationen für die Forschung zu spezifischen Emotionen
Neppl, Rainer; Boll, Thomas UL

in Sprache und Kognition (1991), 10(2), 85-96

The paper presents a procedure that uses speech analysis to assess the meaning structures in natural-language emotion terms. It is noted that most psychological research on specific emotions is based on a ... [more ▼]

The paper presents a procedure that uses speech analysis to assess the meaning structures in natural-language emotion terms. It is noted that most psychological research on specific emotions is based on a structuring of the emotion domain provided by natural-language emotion terms, and that the vagueness and inconsistencies of natural-language emotion terms is frequently problematic. The proposed procedure assumes that the use of natural-language emotion terms in the attribution of emotions to self and others is guided by rules, that these rules can be reconstructed, and that the outcome of this reconstruction can be described as an (abstract) structure. The general procedure for obtaining these structures (explicit meaning structures) is described and illustrated with the German emotion term "Empoerung" (moral indignation). Then possible applications of the procedure and the explicit meaning structures are discussed: explicit meaning structures as (1) a reference point for intercultural emotion research, (2) as a starting point for differentiating empirical and pseudo-empirical questions, (3) for defining and operationalizing the object of research, and (4) for generating hypotheses on conditions, consequences, and possibilities of modifying specific emotions. [less ▲]

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See detailDer Wal ist kein Fisch, und doch ist er ein „Walfisch“. Antwort auf die Essenz der Emotionen: Bedeutungskonstituenten der Alltagssprache oder multikomponentiale Verlaufsmuster?
Boll, Thomas UL; Neppl, Rainer

in Sprache und Kognition (1989), 8

Discusses some of the points raised in K. Scherer's reply to the authors' criticism of his component process model of the emotions (both in Sprache & Kognition 1989, 8 (1)). The first point considered is ... [more ▼]

Discusses some of the points raised in K. Scherer's reply to the authors' criticism of his component process model of the emotions (both in Sprache & Kognition 1989, 8 (1)). The first point considered is Scherer's doubts about the hypothesis that the explication of the semantic structures of the words used to describe emotions in everyday language forms the precondition for scientific concept formation and empirical research into specific emotions in psychology. Then his doubts about the possibility of implementing a standardized language analysis in this context are considered. He justifies these doubts by pointing to the interindividual differences in the use of words describing emotions. Finally, a reply is given to his doubts about the implications of using language analysis for psychological research on specific emotions in different language communities and cultures. [less ▲]

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See detailGegenstandsverständnis und Zielsetzungen kognitiver Ansätze zur Analyse spezifischer Emotionen. Anmerkungen zum Komponentenprozeß- Modell von K. R. Scherer
Boll, Thomas UL; Neppl, Rainer

in Sprache und Kognition (1989), 8(1), 9-18

Uses the example of K. R. Scherer's component process model to critically discuss the theoretical and epistemological problems in cognitive approaches to the analysis of specific emotions. First, a ... [more ▼]

Uses the example of K. R. Scherer's component process model to critically discuss the theoretical and epistemological problems in cognitive approaches to the analysis of specific emotions. First, a syndromatic understanding of emotions is discussed in which expressive and physiological patterns of reactions as well as perceptions are regarded as necessary components of a specific emotion. Then three of the goals of cognitive approaches named by Scherer are discussed: (1) the scientific conceptualization of specific emotions, (2) the analysis of the semantics of emotion terms, and (3) the causal analysis of specific emotions. In contrast to Scherer's concept, an explicit analysis of natural-language emotion terms is considered to be an essential basis for the scientific conceptualization of specific emotions. The latter is seen as a requirement for differntiating between empirical and pseudoempirical research. [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 232 (7 UL)
See detailAuslösung und Dämpfung von Feindseligkeit
Montada, Leo UL; Boll, Thomas UL

in Untersuchungen des Psychologischen Dienstes der Bundeswehr (1988), 23

Auf der Basis einer kognitionspsychologischen Analyse verschiedener aggressionsbezogener Gefühle (Wut, Ärger, Hass, Neid, Empörung) werden bei Wehrpflichtigen Bedingungen der Entstehung und Dämpfung von ... [more ▼]

Auf der Basis einer kognitionspsychologischen Analyse verschiedener aggressionsbezogener Gefühle (Wut, Ärger, Hass, Neid, Empörung) werden bei Wehrpflichtigen Bedingungen der Entstehung und Dämpfung von Feindseligkeit im Sinne von Hass gegenüber einem Vorgesetzten untersucht. Drei Indikatoren der Feindseligkeit wurden erhoben: (1) positive Gefühle bei einer Schädigung des Vorgesetzten, (2) Häufigkeit unwillkürlich interferierender Schädigungsvorstellungen und (3) negative Bewertung des Vorgesetzten. Feindseligkeit wurde im Wesentlichen als Funktion von fünf Variablen erwartet: (1) erlebte Beeinträchtigung durch den Vorgesetzten, (2) wahrgenommene Absichtlichkeit der Beeinträchtigung, (3) wahrgenommene Machtlosigkeit gegenüber dem Vorgesetzten, (4) Ablehnung von Rechtfertigungsgründen für das Handeln des Vorgesetzten und (5) Widerstandswille gegenüber diesem. Dämpfende Effekte auf Feindseligkeit sollten erlebte Sicherheit in sozialen Kontexten haben (Selbstvertrauen, wahrgenommene Unterstützung durch Kameraden oder höhere Vorgesetzte, Gerechtigkeit in der eigenen Einheit) sowie positive Bewertung der Bundeswehr und der Wehrpflicht. Alle Variablen wurden mit eigens konstruierten Fragebogen an einer Untersuchungsstichprobe von 426 Soldaten aus fünf Ausbildungsquartalen und unterschiedlich "harten" Einheiten erhoben. Wesentliche Ergebnisse waren: Die Kernvariablen wirkten in erwarteter Richtung auf Feindseligkeit. Die Indikatoren für erlebte Sicherheit wirkten insgesamt erwartungsgemäß dämpfend auf Feindseligkeit, was die direkten linearen Effekte anbelangt. Die Moderatoreffekte von Sicherheitsvariablen auf die Beziehung zwischen erlebter Beeinträchtigung und Feindseligkeit waren größtenteils erwartungswidrig: je höher die Sicherheit, um so grösser die Effekte erlebter Beeinträchtigung auf Feindseligkeit. Die Validität der Feindseligkeitsmaße wird diskutiert, und praktische Schlussfolgerungen, die die Vermeidung oder Dämpfung von Feindseligkeit betreffen, werden gezogen. [less ▲]

Detailed reference viewed: 105 (3 UL)